Physics 5.3 Oscilations Flashcards
What is the displacement, amplitude, frequency and period?
-Displacement: the distance an object moves from its equilibrium position, may be positive or negative
-Amplitude: maximum displacement and will always be positive
-Frequency: number of oscillations per unit time at any point (Hz)
-Period: is the time taken for one complete pattern of oscillation at any point
What is Angular frequency and its equations?
-The rate of change of phase
-ω=2π/T
-ω=2πf
What is phase difference?
-Φ is the fraction of a complete cycle between two oscillating points, measured in degrees and radians
Describe a body that is performing simple harmonic motion?
-A body that oscillates with its acceleration directed towards a fixed point that is directly proportional to the negative of the displacement
Use X=AcosWt when the object is released from maximum displacement and x=Asinwt would be used when the object displacement is 0 at t=0
What is the equations for velocity of a body undergoing S.H.M and when does maximum acceleration and velocity occur and equations for them?
Draw a graph for energy changes in a pendulumn and mass on a spring performing S.H.M as their displacement changes?
-Switch pendelumn and mass on a spring with graphs (written wrong on card)
Draw the acceleration-displacement graph and velocity-displacement graph for an object performing s.h.m?
Describe the velocity,acceleration and displacement at these points on the graph?
Draw the acceleration and velocity-time graphs for this displacement time graph?
Define Damping forces and what is natural damping?
-Damping forces: Forces that reduce the amplitude of an oscillation with time, due to energy being removed from the oscillating system
-Natural Damping: Damping that occurs due to the effect of air resistance or frictional forces
What are the uses of artificial damping?
-It ensures the amplitude of the vibrations die down quickly so as to not lead to discomfort for example in a cars suspension
What is the difference between heavy damping(examples) and light damping?
-In light damping, small damping forces exist and oscillation and period gradually decreases.
-In heavy damping, no to little oscillation occurs and the body slowly moves back to its equilibrium position, for e.g. suspension of a car
What is free oscillations, natural frequency and Forced oscillations?
-Free oscillations: no external forces so system oscillates at its natural frequency
-Natural Frequency: frequency at which a system undergoing free oscillation
-Forced oscillations: when an external force is applied to keep the body oscillating
What is driving frequency and resonance?
-Driving frequency: frequency of the driving force applied to an oscillating object
-Resonance: in forced oscillations when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the system being forced to oscillate, this results in the object oscillating at its natural frequency
What are the effects of damping on the amplitude of resonant oscillation?
-Reduces the amplitude of the driven oscillation and slightly reduces the frequency
What are the uses of resonance?
-Allow you to generate vibrations of a specific frequency (for e.g. musical instruments).
