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Physics A Level > Physics A-LEVEL__Particles > Flashcards

Physics A-LEVEL__Particles Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is a nucleon?

A

the particles found in the nucleus - protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What is the nucleon number?

A

number of protons and neutrons

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3
Q

What is the definition of nuclide notation?

A

shows summary of information about the atomic structure

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4
Q

What is the proton number?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

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5
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

+1 (GCSE)
+1.6x10*-19 (A-LEVEL)

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6
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1.67x10*-27

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7
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

0

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8
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1.67x10*-27

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9
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

-1 (GCSE)
-1.6x10*-19 (A-LEVEL)

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10
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element but have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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11
Q

What will happen to the proton and nucleon number of an isotope?

A
  • the proton number will stay the same <br></br>-the nucleon number will be different
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12
Q

What is the definition of specific charge?

A

the ratio of the charge of an ion or subatomic particle to its sub-atomic particle: charge-mass ratio

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13
Q

What is the formula for specific charge?

A

Specific charge = charge/mass

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14
Q

What is the formula of specific charge (detail)?

A

specific charge = (+1.6x10-19) x no.protons
/(1.67x10-27)x nucleon number

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15
Q

What are the four interactions?

A

Electromagnetic interaction - causes an attractive and repulsive force between charges

Gravitational interaction - causes attractive forces between masses

Strong nuclear interaction - causes attractive and repulsive forces between quarks (so hadrons)

Weak nuclear interaction - does not cause force however makes particles decay

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16
Q

what type of interaction effects protons and neutrons?

A

strong nuclear

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17
Q

what type of interaction effects charged particles

A

electromagnetic

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18
Q

what is the distance between nucleons measured in?

A

fentometers (fm)

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19
Q

what is 1fm equal to in m?

A

1x10-15

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20
Q

For strong nuclear force when is it repulsive?

A

Repulsive at separations of nucleons less than 0.5fm

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21
Q

when is there a strong attraction for the nuclear force?

A

there is a strong attraction between 0.5fm-3fm

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22
Q

For electromagnetic force when is it always repulsive?

A

always repulsive from 1fm

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23
Q

what happens during alpha decay?

Study These Flashcards
A

an alpha particle is released (<b>2 protons + 2 neutrons</b>) from the nucleus as the nucleus is too large for the forces to hold nucleons in place

24
Q

what effect does alpha decay have on the proton number?

Study These Flashcards
A

the proton number decreases by two

25
what effect does alpha decay have on the nucleon number?
nucleon number decreases by 4
26
what happens during beta-minus decay?
nucleus is unstable and a neutron changes into a proton - a beta particle is released (electron) and an electron anti-neutrino
27
what is the definition of a photon?
photons are em waves that can only exist in wave packets of energy
28
what is the equation for energy carried by a photon?
E = hf
  • E = energy (J)
  • h = Planck's constant (Js)
  • f = frequency (Hz)
29
what is another equation for energy carried by photon involving wavelength?
E = hc/wavelength
E = energy (J)
h = Plancks constant 
c = speed of light (m/s)
30
what is the value of Plancks constant?
6.63 x10-34
31
what is the value of speed of light?
3x10*8
32
what is an electronvolt?
an electronvolt is the amount of energy gained by an electron as it accelerates through a potential difference of 1 volt
33
how to convert between 1ev to J?
x1.6x10-19
34
how to convert between J to eV?
divide by 1.6x10-19
35
what is matter and antimatter?
for every particle there will be its antimatter for example the antimatter of a proton is antiproton
36
what are the properties of antimatter?
  • opposite charge
  • same mass 
  • same rest energy
37
what is the antiparticle of a proton and its charge?
antiproton 
-1
38
what is the antiparticle of a neutron and its charge?
antineutron
0
39
what is the antiparticle of an electron and its charge?
positron
+1
40
what is the antiparticle of a neutrino and its charge?
antineutrino
0
41
what is the definition of pair production?
when energy is converted into mass you get equal amount of matter and antimatter
42
what happens during pair production?
a single photon of energy is converted into a particle-antiparticle pair
43
what happens to the left over energy in pair production?
the leftover energy is converted into kinetic energy (momentum)
44
what happens during annihilation?
annihilation occurs when a particle and its antiparticle meet and mass is coverted into energy in which the particle and antiparticle are transformed into two photons of energy 
45
why are two photons of energy produced in annihilation?
one photon for rest energy
one photon for momentum
46
how is minumum energy calculated?
2 x particle rest energy
47
what are quarks?
quarks are smaller particles with fractional charge which are contained in protons and neutrons
48
what does it mean when quarks are fundamental?
fundamental means the quarks are not made of anything smaller
49
what are the three types of quarks?
d - down
u - up
s - strange
50
what are the three properties might quark will have?
charge 
baryon number 
strangeness
51
what will the charge, BN and strangeness be for an antiquark?
they will all be the opposite
52
what is the quark composition of a proton?
uud
53
what is the quark composition of a neutron?
udd
54
what are hadrons?
hadrons are a type of particle which are heavy and made from smaller particles
55
what are the two categories of hadrons?
Baryons - made up of quarks (or 3 antiquarks) Mesons - made of quarks: one matter and one antimatter
56
what are examples of baryons?
protons and neutrons
57
what are examples of mesons?
kaons and pions

Physics A Level (2 decks)

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