Physics and Chemistry- law/principle and applications Flashcards

1
Q

what are 4 ways the Law of Laplace applies

A
  • A blood vessel w/ and aneurysm has greater wall tension
  • w/ greater ventricular filling during diastole, there is greater tension in the wall at end diastole
  • in ARDS, smaller alveoli empty into Larger alveoli
  • in healthy individuals, atelectasis does;t occur
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2
Q

name 3 ways Poiseuille’s law applies?

A
  • For IV administration flow is increased by
  • increasing diameter
  • decreasing length
  • raising the IV bag
  • the polycythemic pt has decreased flow through tissues
  • the anemic pt has increased flow through tissues
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3
Q

name 5 ways the Venturi effect (bernoulli’s principle) applies

A
  • Nebulizer
  • Venturi mask
  • jet ventilator
  • Injector
  • anterior leaflet w/ IHSS
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4
Q

name 2 ways henry’s law applies

A
  • permits calculation of the amount of O2 dissolved in blood

- permits calculation of the amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood

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5
Q

name 2 ways boyles law applies

A
  • explains the release into the atmosphere of a large amount of gas from a compressed cylinder
  • squeezing an ambu bag raises the pressure and decreases the volume
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6
Q

name 1 way charles law applies

A

the inflatable cuff of an ET tube or LMA expands during sterilization

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7
Q

name 4 ways Guy-Lussacs law applies

A
  • when temp of a closed cylinder increases, pressure increases
  • when the temp of a closed cylinder decreases, cylinder pressure decreases
  • as a cylinder containing Liquid N2O empties, temp decreases (joule-thompson effect); as the temp decreases, the pressure inside the tank decreases
  • wood’s metal blows when the temp increases substantially
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8
Q

name 1 way the ideal gas law applies

A

as a cylinder of compressed gas empties, the pressure in the cylinder falls

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9
Q

Name 2 ways daltons law applies?

A
  • permits calculation of the % concentration of a gas by dividing the PP of the gas by the total pressure
  • Permits calculation of PP of a gas by multiplying the % concentration by the concentration by total pressure
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10
Q

name 2 ways the joule-thompson effect applies

A

-as a cylinder of compressed gas empties, the cylinder cools; condensation and ice crystals may be seen
- the cryoprobe operates on this basis
(think of the ice cream place)

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11
Q

Name 4 ways Fick’s law of diffusion is applied

A
  • concentration effect
  • 2nd gas effect
  • diffusion hypoxia
  • expansion of gas into gas spaces of the body when N2O is turned on
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12
Q

name 2 ways Beer-lambert law applies

A
  • pulse ox

- ETCO2 detection

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13
Q

what law is used to calculate SVR or resistance of flow through a tube

A

Ohm’s law

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14
Q

what principle states that pulse pressure increases as the blood pressure wave travels to the periphery?

A

superimposition principle

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15
Q

what principle states that a change in any of the factors determining equilibrium causes the system to adjust to reduce or counteract effects of the change

A

leChateliers principle

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16
Q

what law states the distance from the source determines that amount of exposure of the anesthetist to x-rays? the intensity of the scattered x-ray radiation is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance from the source.

A

inverse square law