Physics Paper 1 Higher Combined > Physics Energy Paper 1 > Flashcards

Physics Energy Paper 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

Energy in a moving object

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2
Q

What is an energy system

A

A group of components that work together to produce, store and transfer energy

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3
Q

What happens to energy that can’t be created or destroyed

A

The energy from one store is carried along a pathway to another energy store

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4
Q

What is chemical energy

A

Energy stored in chemical bonds

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5
Q

Give an example of chemical energy

A

Food, fuel, electric batteries

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6
Q

Where is gravitational potential energy found

A

In objects raised above the earths surface

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7
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

Energy possessed by an object due to its change in position in a gravitational field

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8
Q

What is elastic potential energy

A

Energy stored due to applying force to deform an object

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9
Q

Where is elastic potential energy found

A

In stretched, compressed or twisted objects

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10
Q

What is thermal energy

A

Energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature

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11
Q

Where can you find thermal(internal) energy

A

In any heated object

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12
Q

What is magnetic energy

A

Energy created by the strength of a magnetic field

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13
Q

Where can you find magnetic energy

A

In any object with a magnetic field

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14
Q

Define a magnetic field

A

The area around a magnet where another magnet feels a force

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15
Q

What is electrostatic energy

A

The potential energy of a system of seperated electric charges

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16
Q

What is nuclear energy

A

Energy released from the nucleus of an atom

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17
Q

Name four force pathways

A

Mechanical, electrical, heating, radiation

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18
Q

How do you know if an object has elastic energy

A

Can return to their original shape and dimension

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19
Q

Why does thermal energy store in a system change

A

If it’s temperature changes

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20
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by one degree

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21
Q

Define power

A

The rate at which energy is transferred

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22
Q

A stone and bowl of water are left out in the sun. Which one gets the hottest

A

The stone feels hotter because it has a lower heat capacity than the water so it doesn’t need as much energy to raise its temperature

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23
Q

What are the units for power

A

Watts

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24
Q

How does a blowtorch work, what is useful and wasted

A

Chemical energy transferred into thermal energy which is useful and light energy is wasted

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25
What is an energy store
Is the way that energy is stored in or by objects
26
What is an energy pathway
The way energy is transferred from one store to another
27
When is work done
Work is done when a force makes an object or charge move
28
What does the delta symbol show
change in
29
How many kg are in 100g
0.1 kg
30
What is efficiency
How well something works
31
What is the independent variable
Something I change deliberately
32
What is the resolution
The smallest measurement you can make using the equipment
33
What is a parallax error
Viewing angle affects results
34
Name ways energy moves around
Energy can be stored, transferred or dissipated
35
What does dissipated mean
Wasted energy
36
What is unwanted energy
Energy stores that aren't useful
37
What happens if a material has high thermal conductivity
The quicker heat is transferred through the material
38
Name materials that have high thermal conductivity
Brick, concrete, wood and glass
39
What materials are best for insulation
Materials with low thermal conductivity
40
What is a closed system
A natural physical system that doesn't allow transfer of matter in or out of the system except the transfer of energy
41
What is thermal conductivity
The measure of a materials ability to transfer thermal energy
42
Why can't energy be created or destroyed
Total energy supplied to something must always equal to the total energy transferred by something as energy can't be destroyed or created
43
Why does trapped air reduce the rate of heat loss
The air has very low thermal conductivity and thermal energy can't pass through it easily
44
What is renewable energy
Energy source that can be replenished as it is used
45
Why are fossil fuels more reliable
They produce a constant energy supply with no gaps in delivering energy
46
Why is storing nuclear waste dangerous
Radioactive causing cells to mutate and radioactivity lasts for thousands of years
47
What is biofuel
Made from plant matter
48
How is energy created by wind
The turbines spin a generator to produce electric
49
How does hydroelectric energy work
Falling water spins a turbine to produce electricity
50
How is geothermal energy created
Hot rocks underground produce steam
51
How do tides create energy
The rise and fall of the tide is used to turn a turbine
52
How do waves create energy
The up and down movement of the waves turns turbines
53
How does the sun create energy
Energy from the sun is converted into power
54
Why does a bungee jumper slow down once thr cord begins to stretch
Kinetic energy decreases as its converted into elastic potential energy and kinetic energy is proportional to velocity so ad ke decreases do does velocity
55
What is the law of conservation
Energy can't be created or destroyed
56
When a ball is kicked state any changes in the total energy of the ball
The total energy remains constant due to the conservation of energy
57
How can efficiency of a system be increased
Reducing waste output by lubrication (also reduces friction in moving parts) or thermal insulation Recycling waste output by recycling thermal waste energy as input energy
58
How can efficiency of a radiator be improved
Install metal foil sheets behind the radiator to reflect heat back into the room
59
What are two disadvantages of using renewable energy
Output determined by external factors such ad wind speed so supply is uncertain Generating it through other means is often more efficient and cheaper
60
What are some disadvantages of using biofuels
When plants are burned they produce CO2, need to destroy land to grow biofules, growing biofuels reduces land available for growing food
61
Name the 5 types of errors?
•Zero error •Random error •Systematic error •Parallax error •Anomalous error
62
What is a systematic error?
Measurement is wrong but the same amount every time
63
What is a random error?
Results varying a bit due to unpredictable differences like human error
64
What is zero error?
Equipment that isn't zeroed properly
65
What is a parallax error?
Difference in measurement readings due to error in viewing
66
Why is a toy on its own not a closed system?
Because energy from the toy is dissipated but in a closed system the total energy remains constant
67
What is the property of air which allows a small change in energy to cause a large temperature change?
Low specific heat capacity so it doesn't need much energy to raise it temperature
68
A device needs to increase its temperature quickly, why is it made from metal not plastic?
Metals have higher thermal conductivity so allows a greater energy transfer rate

Physics Paper 1 Higher Combined (3 decks)

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