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Physics exam2 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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0
Q

simple harmonic motion

A

type of periodic motion

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1
Q

periodic motion

A

a motion that repeats itself over and over

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2
Q

period of a mass on a spring

A

f=-kx
type of simple harmonic motion
the force exerted by a spring is opposite in its direction to its diplacenment from equilibrium
2pi sqrt m/k

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3
Q

energy conservation in oscillatory motion

A

an ideal system has total energy conserved

there is a continual tradeoff between kinetic and potential energy

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4
Q

simple pendulum

A

consists of a mass suspended by a spring/rod of length L.

  • has a stable equilibrium when mass is directly below the suspension point
  • *all the mass is concnetrated at a single point
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5
Q

physical pendulum

A

the mass is NOT concentrated at a point, but instead it is distributed over a finite volume

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6
Q

damped oscillations

A

as the mechanical energy of a system decreases, its amplitude of oscillation decreases as well

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7
Q

Transverse waves

A

individual particles move at right angles (perpendicular) to the direction of wave propogation

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8
Q

longitudinal wave

A

individual particles move in the same direction (parallel) as the wave propogation

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9
Q

string waves

A

transverse waves that proppgate on a string

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10
Q

harmonic wave function

A

waves will have a shape of a sine of cosine

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11
Q

sound waves

A

a longitudinal wave of compressions and refractions that can travel through the air as well as other gases liquids and solids

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12
Q

sound intensity

A

the loudness of a sound is determined by its intensity

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13
Q

the doppler effect

A

the change in frequency due to relative motion between a source ad a receiver

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14
Q

supportion and interference

A

waves can combine to give a variety of effects

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15
Q

superposition

A

when two or more waves occupy the same location at the same time they simply add

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16
Q

constructive interference

A

waves that add to give a larger amplitude exhibit constructive interference

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17
Q

destructive interference

A

waves that add to give a smaller amplitude exhibit destructive interference

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18
Q

interference patterns

A

waves that overlap can create patterns of constructive and destructive interference

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19
Q

standing waves

A

oscillate in a fixed location

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20
Q

beats

A

occur when waves of slightly different frequencies occur

-percieved as alternating loudness and softness to the ear

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21
Q

ideal gases

A

simplified model of a rea gas in which interactions between molecules are ignored

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22
Q

kinetic theory of gases

Study These Flashcards
A

a gas is imagined to be compromised of a large number of pointlike molecules bouncing off the wall of a container

23
Q

origin of pressure

Study These Flashcards
A

the pressure exerted by a gas is a result of the momentum transfers that occur every time a molecule bounces off a wall of a container

24
speed distribution of molecules
molecules in a gas have a range of speeds | -the maxwell distribution indicates which speeds are most likely to occur in a given gas
25
rms speed
speed of the molecules in a gas at kelvin T
26
solids and elastic deformation
when a force is applied to a solid, the size and shape may change
27
stress
the applied force per area
28
strain
the resulting deformation of stress
29
elastic deformation
one in which a solid returns to its original size and shape when the stress is removed
30
equilbrium between phases
when phases are in equilibrium, the number of molecules in each phase remains constant
31
evaporation
occurs when some molecules in a liquid have speeds great enough to allow them to escape into the gas phase
32
latent heat
the amount of heat per unit mass that must be added to or removed from a substance to convert it to one phase or anothe
33
latent head of fusion
the heat required for melting or freezing Lf
34
latent heat of vaporization
the heat required for vaporizing or condensing Lv
35
latent heat of subimation
the heat required to sublime a solid directly to gas, or to condense a gas to a solid Ls
36
electromagnetic waves
waves of oscillating electric and magnetic fields
37
electromagnetic spectrum
the entire range of waves with different frequencies
38
polarization of a beam of light
the direction along which its electric field points
39
polarizer
transmits light only whose electric field has a component in the direction of the polarizer's transmission axis
40
polarization by scattering
light scattered by the atmosphere is polarized when viewed at right anges to the sun
41
polarization by reflection
when light reflects from a horizontal surface it is partially polarized in the horizontal direction
42
wave fronts
a surface on which the phase of a wave is constant
43
rays
the direction of wave propogation is indicated by rays, which are always at right angles to wave fronts
44
law of reflection
states that the angle of reflection theta is equal to the angle of incidence
45
specular/diffuse reflection
a smooth surface reflects light in a single direction. A rough surface reflects light in many directions
46
ray tracing
involves drawing two or three of the rays that have particularly simple behavior. These rays originate at a point on a object and intersect at the corresponding point on the image
47
real images
light passes through the apparant position of the image itself
48
virtual image
light does not pass through the image
49
refraction of light
the change in direction of light due to a change in its speed
50
index of refraction (n)
quantifies how much a medium slows the speed of light
51
snell's law
relates the index of refraction and angle of incidence in one medium to the index of refraction and angle in another medium
52
qualitative qualities of refraction
refracted light is bent closer to the normal in a medium where its speed is reduced and away from the normal in a medium where its speed is increased
53
total internal refraction
when light in a medium in which its speed is relatively low encounters a medium in which its speed is greater, the light will be totally reflected back into its original medium if its angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle
54
total polarization
reflected light is totally polarized parallel to the surgace when the reflected and refracted rays are at right anges. Occurs at Brewster's angle
55
lens
an object that uses refraction to bend light and form images

Physics (4 decks)

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