Physics I Flashcards
1
Q
Adding and Subtracting Vectors
A
Head to tail method
Component method
2
Q
Force
A
any influence capable of causing a mass to accelerate
3
Q
capacitors in series
A
inverse of the sum of inverses
4
Q
Projectiles
A
falling bodies in two dimensions
5
Q
Mass
Temperature
Time
A
Scalar
6
Q
force with a pulley
A
F=mg/#ropes
7
Q
Fnet=ma
A
Newton’s second law
8
Q
Potential energy in a fluid per unit volume
A
PE=pgh (p is density)
9
Q
equipotential lines are drawn
A
perpendicular to field lines
10
Q
Capillar action
A
ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces
11
Q
what direction is the force of friction
A
opposite the direction of motion
12
Q
Time in the air
A
(2Vy)/g
13
Q
Center of mass
A
weighted average of mass distribution
14
Q
field
A
invisible influence that can exert a force on a mass or charge
15
Q
is mechanical energy conserved
A
yes, in the absence of non-conservative forces
16
Q
Specific gravity
A
a ratio that describes how dense something is compared to water
SG=Dsubstance/Dwater
17
Q
Action-reaction
A
Newton’s third law
18
Q
two vertical lines of equal length
A
capacitor
19
Q
Inertia
A
the ability of an object to resist a change in its velocity
20
Q
A constant forces causes a
A
constant acceleration
21
Q
current into a node=
A
current ot of a node
22
Q
G is analogous to
A
K
23
Q
non-conservative forces
A
friction, drag, air resistance
24
Q
what is theta in calculating a magnetic field
A
angle between v and B
25
isolated system
no flow of matter or energy
26
heat energy
dissipated as heat, usually from a collision or from a current-carrying wire
27
G
6.67e-11 (m^3)/kg*s^2)
28
sin(0)
0
29
what type of current producing a sine wave
alternating
30
his analogous to
r or d
31
changing plate thickness causes what change to capacitance
none
32
Min potential energy of a pendulum
At the bottom of the arc
33
Static friction
occurs without sliding
34
m is analogous to
q
35
heat is energy transfer via
energy flow
36
for the same two surfaces, is kinetic or static friction more?
static friction is more
37
Kinetic friction
occurs with sliding
38
units of B in magnetism
N*c/C*m
| kg/A*s^2
39
Q
ratio of charges
40
strength of gravitational field
g=Gm/r^2
41
Density
Degree of compactness of a substance
| D=m/v
42
"exactly balanced"
equilibrium
43
equation for capacitance
C=Q/V
44
Period of a mass on a spring
T=2pi*sqrt(m/k)
45
tails of field lines point to
positive charge
46
Displacement
Momentum
Weight
Vector
47
What does a positive displacement versus time slope represent?
motion to the right
48
V= in a circuit
0
49
what always is true at equilibrium
net force is zero
50
energy transfer via force
work
51
PE(capacitor)= (2 equations)
1/2CV^2=1/2VQ
52
What value is changing with time?
y axis
53
Center of buoyancy
at the center of mass of the fluid displaced
54
AxBx*AyBy
Dot product
55
shorter line in a battery
negative
56
formula for resistance
R=pL/A
p-resistivity
L- length
A- cross sectional area
57
battery
electron pumps that push electrons onto the negative terminal
58
Force of friction
Ff=uFn=umgcos(theta)
| u- for static or kinetic friction
59
equations for power
P=(deltaE)/t
P=W/t
P=Fdcos(theta)/t
60
gh is analogous to
V
61
Period of a pendulum
T=2pi*sqrt(L/g)
62
Elastic potential energy
potential energy stored in a compressed spring
| PE=0.5k(deltaX)^2
63
increasing temperature on resistivity
linear increase
64
formula for torque
T=F*l
T=mgl
T=Frsin(theta)
65
Pascal's Law
pressure is transmitted in all directions, undiminished, through a contained, incompressible liquid
change in pressure at any point in a confined, incompressible fluid causes the same change at every point
66
machines reduce
the force necessary to do an amount of work
67
diagonal circuit break line
switch
68
what happens to a dipole when exposed to an electric field
aligns with the field
69
two vertical lines of unequal length
battery
70
voltage is
electrical potential
71
Air resistance
the force exerted on projectiles or falling bodies due to actual physical collisions with air molecules
72
electric potential energy of a constant electric field
PE=qEd
73
Hooke's law
F=k(deltaX)
| DeltaX is the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium point
74
in what type of system is energy conserved
isolated
75
Action-reaction pairs
Bat hitting a ball
Balloon
Standing on the ground
76
strength of a point charge electric field
E=Kq/r^2
77
point charge fields depend on
distance
78
Unit of force
Newton
| (kg*m)/s^2
79
static equilibrium
objects at rest
80
point charge fields are most similar to
gravity in space
81
Capacitor
store energy and charge by holding electrons on plates separated by a small distance
82
increasing dielectric strength causes what change to capacitance
increase
83
Normal force
Fn=mgcos(theta)
84
Tension
force in a rope, string, cable
85
negative charges in magnetism
south poles
86
increasing distance between plates causes what change to capacitance
decreases (increases voltage)
87
work-energy theorem
work=KE(final)-KE(initial)
88
rsin(theta) is always equal to
l
89
Hooke's law is used for?
Springs
90
definition of voltage
amount of potential energy a system is capable of storing per unit charge
91
Ohm's Law
V=IR
92
energy transfer via energy flow
heat
93
Range
Horizontal distance traveled
| Vx*t
94
KE=
1/2mv^2
95
insulator
internal electrical charges do not flow freely
96
direct current
an electric current flowing in one direction only
97
force applied across a distance
work
98
(-) versus (+) charge
electrons versus deficiency of electrons
99
cos(90)
0
100
Adhesive forces
attractive forces between unlike substances
| cling to surfaces
101
g is analogous to
E
102
Displacement
the shortest distance from A to B
103
Scalar
Has only magnitude
104
battery is an example of what energy
chemical
105
battery in series
add directly
106
force of a magnetic field=
qvBsin(theta)
107
what direction does current flow
opposite of electrons, negative to positive
108
Density of water
1g/cm^3
109
Scalar product
Dot product
110
what does a positive velocity versus time slope represent?
positive acceleration
111
Frequency
f=1/T
112
g
always 10m/s^s DOWN
113
Cross section area and air resistance
greater cross sectional area impacting the air means more air resistance
114
what should be set equal in fulcrum problems
torque
115
Optimal launch angle
45°
116
Straight line graph
Constant slope
117
Gravitational potential energy (near earth and in space)
Near earth: PE=mgh
| In space: PE=(-Gm1m2)/r
118
Y values above the x axis
positiove
119
Exists at the center of mass
Center of gravity
120
Archimede's Principle
any object displaces an amount of fluid exactly equal to its own volume or to the volume of whatever fraction of the object is submerges
The weight of the displaced fluid is exactly equal to the buoyant force pushing up on the object
121
sin(90)
1
122
electrical potential energy of a point charge electric field
PE=-Kqq/r
123
Min kinetic energy of a pendulum
At the max height
124
What does slope of a displacement versus time graph represent?
velocity
125
changing a magnetic field creates
electrical field
126
What are the conditions for a constant velocity?
```
No acceleration
No net force
No change in direction
All forces sum to zero
Equilibrium
```
127
Turbulence
although net flow is in one direction, there are random eddies, changes in direction and velocity
@increasing velocities
128
Center of gravity
point at which the resultant of the system of parallel forces formed by the weights of all the particles constituting the body passes for all positions of the body
129
open system
flow of energy and matter
130
cos(30)
sqrt(3)/2
131
superconductivity
zero resistance
132
Max kinetic energy of a pendulum
At the bottom of the arc
133
open switch
no electron flow
134
Universal law of gravitation
F=(Gm1m2)/r^2
135
An increase in speed of fluid occurs with
a decrease in potential energy or pressure, or both
136
The fraction submerged of an object is equal to
the ratio of object density to liquid density
137
closed switch
electrons flow
138
Field
an invisible influence capable of exerting a force on a mass or charge
139
energy
the capacity to do work
140
Is displacement a scalar or vector?
| Is distance a scalar or vector?
Displacement- vector
| Distance- scalar
141
resistor
limits the flow of electrical current
142
Cross product
Multiplication of two vectors in 3D space
143
Y values below the x axis
negative
144
What does slope of a velocity versus time graph represent?
acceleration
145
cos(0)
1
146
what do field lines represent
current flow
147
Gravity
a field that exists between any two objects with mass
148
Mass
a measure of an object's inertia
149
cos(45)
sqrt(2)/2
150
Power=
IV
151
PE/m is equal to
voltage
152
Ideal fluid flow
no drag or friction between surfaces or between the molecules themselves
153
velocity at the base of an inclined plane
v=sqrt(2gh)
154
do machines change the work done
no
155
Non-linear graph
non-constant slope
156
magnetic lines flow from
north to south
157
positive work
by a system, same direction as velocity
158
cardiac output
stroke volume X heart rate
159
what is the torque of a force at the center of mass
zero
160
zig zag line
resistor
161
equations for instantaneous power
Pi=Fvcos(theta)
162
Max potential energy of a pendulum
At the max height
163
work is energy transfer via
force
164
Pedulum
any weight attached by a rode, string, wire, etc to a fixed overhead point and capable of freely swinging from side to side
165
resistance
drag in fluids or friction between solids
166
what is true of a dipole not signed with the electric field
has potential energy
167
semi-conductor
solid substance with conductivity between an insulator and most metals
168
Velocity
The speed of an object in a given direction
169
1L water is equal to
1kg
170
Force down an inclined plane
F=mgsin(theta)
171
equation for a point charge electric field
F=Kqq/r^2
172
longer line in a battery
positive
173
dynamic equilibrium
objects in motion at constant velocity
174
examples of equilibrium (5)
```
terminal velocity
constant velocity
objects at rest
balanced fulcrums
objects floating
```
175
constant electric fields are most similar to
gravity near earth
176
Poiseuille flow
exhibits laminar flow and has a leading edge that is parabolic
177
A constant acceleration causes a
linear change in velocity
| non-linear change in displacement
178
what occurs over a resistor when current flows through it
voltage drop
179
negative work
on a system, opposite direction as velocity
180
cos(60)
0.5
181
Buoyant force
the upward force exerted by any fluid upon a body placed in it
Fb=pvg
182
current
amount of charge that flow past a fixed point per unit time
183
equipotential lines represent
areas of equal voltage
184
Magnetic field
Impulse
Torque
Vector
185
Cohesive forces
Between molecules of the same substance- tendency to resist separation
186
sin(60)
sqrt(3)/2
187
Fluid pressure
average force of the molecular collisions per unit area
| P=pgh (p is density, h is depth)
188
charge on an electron
1.6e-19 C
189
alternating current
an electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at regular intervals
190
voltage increases with
distance
191
Apparent weight (of a submerged object)
the actual weight minus the buoyant force
192
Newton's third law
whenever one object exerts a force (via contact or via a field) on a second object, the second object always exerts and equal and opposite force on the first object
193
work formulas
W=deltaE
| W=Fdcos(theta)
194
||A|| ||B|| cos(theta)
Dot product
195
Acceleration down an inclined plane
a=gsin(theta)
196
increasing plate area causes what change to capacitance
increases
197
PE(elastic)=
1/2kx^2
198
Acceleration
any change in velocity (speed or direction)
199
moving electrons cause a
magnetic field
200
conservation of charge
universe has zero net charge
201
amount of work necessary to move a charge against an electric field
voltage
202
Simple Harmonic motion
anything that oscillates back and forth and can be represented by a sine wave graphically
203
When are speed and velocity equal?
Distance traveled is along a straight line
204
Friction
the resistance that one surface or object encounters while moving over another
OPPOSES SLIDING not motion
205
closed system
flow of energy, not matter
206
Shape and air resistance
less aerodynamic means more air resistance
207
Terminal velocity
object has stopped accelerating and the forces of gravity and air resistance are balanced
sqrt((2mg)/CpA))
208
Newton's second law
acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
209
Velocity and air resistance
increased velocity means more air resistance
210
dielectric
substance between the two plates in a capacitor
211
when does r=l
perpendicular
212
change in energy=
q+w
213
motion to the left
velocity versus time graph in lower right quadrant
| negative velocity
214
conductor
allows the flow of electrical current in one or more directions
215
Surface tension
intensity of intermolecular forces per unit length at the surface of a liquid
216
"stationary"
equilibrium
217
force with a lever
F=mg(L1/L2)
218
Fair=mg
terminal velocity
219
PE(electrical)=
(kqq)/r
220
(r1m1+r2m2+r3m3+...)/mtotal
Center of mass
221
changing an electrical field creates
magnetic field
222
||A|| ||B|| sin(theta)
Cross product
223
Motion to the right
velocity versus time graph in upper right quadrant
| positive velocity
224
chemical energy
energy contained within chemical bonds OR the energy stores due to the separation and/or the flow of electrons
225
capacitors in parallel
add directly
226
positive charges in magnetism
north poles
227
resistors in series
add directly
228
force with hydraulic lift
F=mg(h1/h2)=mg(A1/A2)
229
sin(30)
0.5
230
Laminar flow
flow in a pipe is in concentric sheets, each of which has a different velocity
fastest at the center and slowest at the interface with the wall
@low velocities
231
internal energy
internal vibrations and random motions of molecules within a system
232
Bernoulli's Principle
K=P +pgh+0.5pv^2
P- pressure energy, random vibrational energy of molecules
pgh- potential energy
0.5pv^2- kinetic energy
233
Flow rate
Q=V*A
| use cross sectional area
234
battery in parallel
highest voltage battery
235
Change
Work
Speed
Scalar
236
current through parallel resistors is related to resistance in what way
inverse
237
potential energy stored in a capacitor
U=.5QV
238
sin(45)
sqrt(2)/2
239
resistors in parallel
inverse of the sum of inverses
240
Force with a ramp
F=mg(h/d)
h- height
d- hypotenuse
241
Average velocity
(Vi+Vf)/2
242
units of power
watts (J/s)
243
I=
(deltaq)/(deltaT)
244
non-conservative forces cause what energy change
kinetic to internal
245
Vector product
Cross product
246
Newton's first law
an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion if not acted upon by an imbalanced force
247
ME=
KE+PE
248
Vector
Has both magnitude and direction
