Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Physics Paper 2 > Flashcards

Physics Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the relationship between the current and the voltage as shown in the graph

A
  • As the voltage increases so does the current
  • However, they are not directly proportional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain why the resistance of the filament lamp changes as the voltage across it increases

A
  • The resistance increases due to more collisions of electrons with other electrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe, in terms of particles, two differences between a solid and a liquid of the same substance

A
  • Particles in a solid are in regular arrangement while particles in a liquid are randomly arranged
  • Particles in a liquid have more kinetic energy than particles in a solid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State two practical ways to reduce heat loss from a shed

A
  • Plant trees around for wind break
  • Properly close windows and doors
  • Use double thickness of concrete
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When it’s 0 degrees celsius, what is that in kelvin

A

273K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Draw two rectangles on Figure 6 to show the positions of the two bar magnets
Label the N-pole and the S-pole of each magnet

A
  • Rectangles drawn sideways but not in contact
  • The south poles are put facing each other on the nearest touching side of the magnets, and the north poles are facing away from each other on outer sides of magnet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The student wants to determine the shape of the magnetic field for a larger area around the magnets

Describe how the student should continue the investigation using just one
plotting compass

A
  • Place a (plotting) compass on the paper (near to the magnets) and put a dot at each end of the needle
  • Determine how the field
    continues from that point by moving the compass until one end of the needle is just over the mark you made
  • Connect field lines to reveal overall shape by joining up the dots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The magnets are held the same distance apart but with the N-pole of one
magnet now facing the S-pole of the other magnet

State how the force would compare with the force before the change

A
  • Same magnitude (distance) and opposite direction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain why the total amount of work done by a cyclist between points Q and R is different from the change in gravitational potential energy of the cyclist between points Q and R.

A
  • Some work is done to overcome friction/ air resistance
  • Energy is dissipated to the environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The cyclists lubricated the chains and the wheel bearings of their bicycles
before setting off, Lubricating the chains and wheel bearings helps to

A
  • Increase the efficiency of the
    cyclist and bicycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain why the wires to the battery in a car are thicker than the wires that
connect each device to its switch and its fuse.

A
  • Thicker wires have lower resistance
  • Less thermal energy is transferred so wires do not get hot
  • So more current can be carried
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe how a student could use this apparatus, and any additional items
needed, to determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

A
  • Measure the temperature of the boiling water
  • Allow sufficient time for block to reach temperature of boiling water
  • Measure temperature of cold water in beaker using a thermometer for both boiling and cold water
  • Transfer hot aluminium block to cold water in the beaker
  • Work quickly to avoid thermal energy loss during transfer
  • Measure temperature of water and Stir to ensure even distribution
  • Calculate temp rise of water by subtracting initial from final temperature.
  • Calculate temp drop of aluminium by subtracting final temperature from 100.
  • Use a balance to the mass of everything
  • Specific heat capacity of aluminium =
    thermal energy transferred/
    mass of Al × temp drop of Al
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe how the student could determine the frequency of the ripples on the lake.

A
  • count the number of waves
  • passing a point in a
    specific time
  • use frequency = number of waves/
    time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State the SI unit for the activity of a radioactive source.

A
  • Becquerels (Bq)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which row of the table describes what happens to the wave velocity and to the
wavelength of the light when the light travels from air to glass?

A
  • wave velocity and wavelength both decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The intensity (brightness) of the light at Q is less than the intensity of the light at P
Explain the decrease in intensity as the light travels from P to Q (refraction - downwards from above medium)

A
  • some light is reflected
  • some light is absorbed by the glass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of these graphs represents an object moving with a constant velocity of 2 m/s?

A
  • Displacement at y
  • time at x
  • goes up in 2 at both axis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The force that the rocket engines produce remains constant during the first few seconds after take-off.
Explain what happens to the acceleration during the first few seconds.

A
  • acceleration increases since F = ma
  • and mass decreases due to burning fuel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State how the nucleus changes when emitting gamma rays

A
  • becomes more stable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Compare the processes of alpha decay and beta decay.

A
  • Alpha: a particle (not a wave)
  • made up of 4 particles
  • helium nucleus
  • has a positive charge
  • when emitted by a nucleus, atomic number goes down by 2
  • mass number goes down by 4
  • Beta: a particle (not a wave)
  • made up of 1 particle
  • electron
  • has a negative charge
  • when emitted, atomic number goes up by 1
  • mass number does not change
21
Q

Explain why an infrared remote control may not switch on the television from
behind an armchair but a radio wave remote control always will.

A
  • radio waves can go through the
    armchair
  • infrared and radio have different
    wavelengths and frequencies
22
Q

State two sources of background radiation.

A
  • cosmic rays
  • rocks
23
Q

Carbon-14 is radioactive and has a half-life of 5 700 years.
The number of radioactive carbon-14 atoms in a very old piece of wood is found
to have decreased from 1 000 000 to 125 000.
Determine the age of the piece of wood.

A
  • 125000/1000000 = 1/8
  • 3 x 5700
  • 17100
24
Q

Carbon-14 decays into nitrogen-14.

Explain what happens in a carbon-14 nucleus when it decays to a nitrogen-14 nucleus.

A
  • neutron decays to proton
  • beta emitted
25
Q

A student investigates how the mass of the trolley affects the maximum vertical
height, h, reached by the trolley.
State the measurements the student should make to complete the investigation.

A
  • measure mass of the trolley
  • measure vertical height
  • repeat for a range of masses
  • repeat firing with same mass
26
Q

Describe how hitting the rod causes a sound wave to travel along the inside of
the rod.

A
  • particles at end vibrate more about fixed positions
  • causes neighbouring particles to vibrate
    more
27
Q

The object in Figure 8 is moving at constant speed.
Explain why it is not moving with constant velocity.

A
  • velocity is a vector
  • direction changes
28
Q

Photochromic lenses react to ultraviolet light.
Suggest a benefit of making the lenses go dark with ultraviolet light.

A
  • protects eyes from damage
29
Q

Describe how the effects change with wavelength, using information from Figure 11 and Figure 12.

A
  • UVA some absorbed
  • UVB mostly absorbed
  • UVC omstly absorbed and some reflected
  • wavelength decreasing means absorption increasing
30
Q

Radio waves and gamma radiation are at opposite ends of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Compare how these two electromagnetic radiations are produced.

A
  • radio waves are often produced intentionally by humans
  • gamma rays are often produced randomly
  • radio waves are produced by free electrons
  • radio waves are produced in electrical circuits
  • gamma rays may result from radioactive decay
  • gamma rays produced in the nucleus
  • gamma rays produced to stabilise the nucleus
31
Q

The student concludes that angle Y is directly proportional to angle X.
Explain what the student must do to test this conclusion in more detail.

A
  • repeat with more values
    of X
  • for larger values of X
32
Q

When white light crosses the boundary between air and glass, it can split up into
the colours of the spectrum.
Explain, in terms of speed, why the light behaves like this.

A
  • the colours have different
    wavelengths
  • colours travel at different speeds
  • so refract by different amounts
33
Q

Describe how the mass of the moving system can be kept constant.

A
  • transfer mass between trolley and hanger
34
Q

Explain how momentum is conserved in the collision.
Use Newton’s third law and Newton’s second law in your answer.

A
  • momentum = mass × velocity
  • action and reaction are equal and opposite (Newtons 3rd law)
  • time of collision same for both
  • no overall change in momentum
  • R accelerates because of force from Q
  • transfer of momentum between Q and R
  • change in momentum of Q = - change in momentum of R
35
Q

Explain the motion of the woman, in terms of the forces acting and the effects on her motion, for the whole sequence.

A
  • the woman changing direction while circling the man
  • she is changing velocity but not changing speed therefore she is accelerating
  • this is a centripetal force
  • when the man releases the woman, centripetal force stops
  • there is no resultant force on the woman
  • the woman therefore continue in a straight lines and is now travelling at a constant velocity
36
Q

Describe an investigation the students could carry out to show that momentum is conserved when these two trolleys collide.

A
  • measure the mass of the trolleys
  • determine the speed of trolley A
  • trollies A and B stick together
  • measure combined speed of A and B
  • calculate momentum of trolley A before collision and A and B after collision
37
Q

Explain how the difference in the number of particles scattered at different
angles gives evidence for the current model of the structure of the atom.

A
  • most alpha particles pass straight through the foil with little deflection
  • some alpha particles are deflected less than 90 degrees
  • atoms are mainly empty space
  • there must be a nucleus
38
Q

Compare X-rays with radio waves.

A
  • X - rays have short wavelength:
    are used in medical diagnosis, to find broken bones, treatment of cancer
  • X-rays are emitted when electrons change energy levels because the electrons lose energy as radiation.
  • the electrons need to lose a large amount of energy so that they emit x-ray radiation of high frequency
  • Radio waves have long wavelength: are used broadcasting television/ broadcasting radio
  • Radio-waves are emitted when electrons oscillate in electrical circuits
  • oscillations are current (flow of electrons) that continually change direction
39
Q

Describe what happens when a substance experiences sublimation.

A
  • change from solid to gas directly
40
Q

Describe two differences between the magnetic field shown in Figure 4 and a uniform magnetic field.

A
  • same strength of field
    everywhere in uniform magnet while strength varies in bar magnet
  • only one direction in uniform magnet while varies in direction in bar magnet
41
Q

State how a uniform magnetic field may be obtained in a school laboratory.

A
  • a solenoid (long coil with a current)
42
Q

what is the heating effect in bulbs and wires.

A
  • As the current increases, there are more collisions between electrons and ions in the filament/wire
  • which results in an energy transfer to heat. This will cause the ions to vibrate more.
  • resulting in a further increase in collision and therefore an increase in
    resistance.
43
Q

What is the thermister and LDR

A
  • Thermistor:
    As temperature increases the resistance decreases Non-linearly
  • LDR: As light
    intensity increases the resistance decreases Non-linearly
44
Q

How does a motor work

A
  • Current flows anticlockwise through the coil
  • magnetic field acts from left to right from N to S
  • left hand side of coil will move upwards
  • right hand side of coil will move downwards
    so coil will spin in a clockwise direction
45
Q

how to create an electromagnet

A
  • This is a coil of wire with a current flowing through it (Solenoid) and then a magnetic material is placed inside.
  • wrap the wire around the nail
  • connect the wire to the power supply (with connecting leads and croc clips)
  • switch on the power supply.
  • change the number of turns (on the coil)
  • change the current (through the coil)
  • change the separation of the turns
  • You can change its strength of it using a higher current, more coils, better magnetic core.
46
Q

How to test an electromagnet

A
  • suspend paper clips on eletromagnet
  • more paper clips suspended, stronger the magnetic field
47
Q

What is the structure of a solid

A
  • intermolecular bonds are not broken and keeps molecules rigid and in fixed positions
48
Q

What is the structure of liquid

A
  • Constant breaking and reforming of intermolecular bonds between molecules since it has enough energy to overcome the bonds which allows it to change its shape as a liquid

Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions