Physics SLOPS Flashcards
1
Q
What is the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and velocity
A
Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x velocity2 (Ek= 0.5mv2)
2
Q
what are the units of energy
A
Joules
J
3
Q
what are the units of mass
A
kilograms
kg
4
Q
what are the units of velocity
A
metres per second
m/s
5
Q
What is the equation linking gravitational field strength, gravitational potential energy and height
A
GPE = mass x height x gravity
6
Q
What are the units of gravitational field strength?
A
Newtons per kilogram
7
Q
Which equation links current (I), power (P) and resistance (R)?
A
P= I squared x R
8
Q
which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)?
A
E= QV
9
Q
define irradiation
A
exposure of a radioactive substance
10
Q
what are the health risks to a person working close to a source of nuclear radiation
A
cancer or tumours
mutation
radiation poisoning
11
Q
when was the electron discovered
A
1897
12
Q
when was the neutron discovered
A
1932
13
Q
when was the nucleus discovered
A
1911
14
Q
when was the proton discovered
A
1920
15
Q
what is a scalar quantity
A
a quantity with magnitude only
16
Q
what is a vector quantity
A
a quantity with magnitude and direction
17
Q
what is a force
A
a force is a push or a pull that acts on an object
18
Q
what is a contact force
A
when objects are physically touching
19
Q
what is a non-contact force
A
when objects are physically separated
20
Q
examples of contact forces:
A
friction
air resistance
tension
and normal contact forces
21
Q
examples of non-contact forces:
A
gravitational
magnetic
electrostatic
nuclear
22
Q
all forces are ………….. quantities
A
vector
23
Q
true or false
forces are vector quantities
A
true
they have magnitude and direction
24
Q
what is the unit for mass
A
kg
kilograms
25
work done =
force x distance
W= Fs
26
unit for work done
Joules
J
27
unit for force
Newtons
N
28
unit for distance
Metres
M
29
what force opposes motion
friction
30
what do all waves transfer
energy
31
what causes a wave
a vibration
32
what is the definition of a transverse wave
the vibration causing a transverse wave is PERPENDICULAR to the direction of travel of the wave
33
what is the definition of a longitudinal wave
the vibration causing a longitudinal wave is PARALLEL to the direction of travel of the wave
34
3 examples of longitudinal waves:
sound
ultrasound
primary earthquakes
((P)waves
35
3 examples of transverse waves:
water waves
all EM waves
secondary earthquakes
((S) waves
36
what is a compression
when particles in a longitudinal wave are closest together
37
what is a rarefaction
when particles in a longitudinal wave a furthest apart
38
what is the amplitude
the amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position
39
what is the wavelength
the wavelength is the distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next wave
40
what is the frequency
is the number of waves passing a point each second
41
what are the units of wave speed
m/s
42
what are the units of wavelength
m
43
what are the units of frequency
Hz
44
what is the wave speed equation
v = f x λ
wave speed = frequency x wavelength
45
what speed do all EM waves travel at
300,000,000 m/s
46
what speed does sound travel at
330 m/s
47
what happens when light travels from air into a glass block
it refracts towards the normal as glass is more dense than air
48
what is the law of reflection
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
49
what are the two types of wave
longitudinal
transverse
50
wavelength is the ……. between two waves
distance
51
amplitude is the ……. of a wave
height
52
the trough is the ……. of the wave
bottom
53
the crest is the … of a wave
top
54
what is a standing wave
when a clear, stable wave forms on the string
55
when a wave meets matter, what four things could happen
transmitted
absorbed
reflected
refracted
56
law of reflection is…
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
57
how do the particles oscillate in a transverse wave
at 90 to the direction of travel
58
which variable would be found by taking a photo of the ripple tank
wavelength
59
what is the Em radiation with the shortest wavelength
gamma
60
what is the EM radiation woth the longest wavelength
radio
61
what is the EM radiation with the highest frequency
gamma
62
list the EM spectrum
radio
microwave
infared radiation
visible light
ultra violet
x-rays
gamma rays
63
can EM waves travel through space
yes
64
name a use of radio waves
TV
radio transmission
65
name a use of microwaves
cooking food
66
what EM wave is used for satellite communication
microwave
67
name a use of IR radiation
electrical heaters
infrared cameras
68
name a use of visible radiation
fibre optic communications
69
name a use of xrays
medical imaging
70
name a use of gamma rays
medical treatments
71
what are the 8 energy stores
MICKEE NG
magnetic
internal
chemical
kinetic
elastic
electrostatic
nuclear
gravitational potential
72
4 energy transfers:
electric current
radiation
mechanical
heating
73
what are the dangers of
gamma rays
cancer
74
what are the dangers of
radio waves
none of
75
what are the dangers of
ultraviolet
skin cancer
76
what are the dangers of
visible
blindness
77
what are the dangers of
microwaves
heating of internal tissues
78
what are the dangers of
xrays
cancer
79
what are the dangers of
infared
skin burns
80
what does a permanent magnetic do
produces its own magnetic field
81
where is the magnetic force around a magnet strongest
poles of the magnet
82
what are the only metal that are magnetic
iron (steel)
cobalt
nickel
83
what sort of magnet does not have a permanent field around it
induced magnet
84
what is the potential difference and frequency of UK domestic electricity?
potential difference: 230V
frequency: 50 Hz
85
why are there step up transformers in the national grid
reduced current
reduces energy loss
increased efficiency
86
how can anything become positively charged
1. friction between 2 insulators
2. electrons move of off material
3. becomes positive
87
shaping a wire to form a coil makes a …
solenoid
88
the magnetic field inside a solenoid is
strong and uniform
89
what are 2 advantages of using an electromagnet to sort scrap metal
it can be switched on and off
vary strength
90
what is the equation that links
gravitational field strength (g), mass (m) and weight (w)
weight = mass x gravity
91
what is the equation that links
distance, force and work done
work done= force x distance
92
what is the equation that links
extension, force and spring constant
force = spring constant x extension
93
what is the unit for
energy(E)
Joules
J
94
what is the unit for
Force (F)
Newtons
N
95
what is the unit for
Mass (m)
kilograms
kg
96
what is the unit for
gravitational field strength (g)
newtons per kilogram
N/kg
97
what is the unit for
weight
newtons
N
98
what 5 quantities are scalar
mass
speed
distance
density
temperature
99
what 6 quantities are vector
friction
acceleration
weight
momentum
velocity
displacement
100
what part of the EM spectrum has the shortest wavelength
gamma rays
101
what part of the EM spectrum has the longest wavelength
radio waves
102
what part of the EM spectrum has the lowest frequency
radio waves
103
what part of the EM spectrum has the highest frequency
gamma rays
104
how do you move an electron towards the nucleus
electron emits electromagnetic radiation
105
how do you move an electron away from the nucleus
electrons absorb electromagnetic radiation
106
what is Newtons 1st law
if the resultant force on an object is zero then the object will remain stationary or continue at a constant speed
107
what is inertia
the tendency of objects to continue in their state of rest or of uniform motion
108
what is Newtons 2nd law
the acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
109
state the equation that links acceleration, force and mass
force = mass x acceleration
110
what is Newtons 3rd law
whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are EQUAL AND OPPOSITE
111
what is thinking distance
the distance the vehicle travels during the drivers reaction time
112
what is braking distance
the distance it travels under the braking force
113
what is the stopping distance
the sum of the thinking and braking distance
114
what factors can affect a person’s thinking distance
tiredness
drugs
alcohol
distraction
115
what factors can affect a persons braking distance
tiredness
condition of brakes
road surface
ice or water on the road
116
state the equation for momentum
momentum = mass x velocity
117
what is the typical speed for walking
1.5 m/s
118
what is the typical speed for running
3 m/s
119
what is the typical speed for cycling
6 m/s
120
how do you calculate the speed of an object from a distance time graph
find the gradient
121
how do you calculate the distance travelled from a speed time graph
find the area under the line of the graph
122
why does an object reach terminal velocity
an object speeds up, the resistive forces increase until the forces on the object become balanced.
when the resultant force is zero the object travels at a constant speed
123
describe the difference between distance and displacement
distance is how far an object moves (doesn’t involve direction)
displacement is how far an object moves in a specific direction from start to finish
124
what 3 ways can you increase the strength of an electromagnet
increase the current
increase the number of coils
add an iron coil
125
what is a resultant force
a single force that has the same effect as all the the original forces acting together
