Physics__Oscillations Flashcards
What conditions are required for an object to be in simple harmonic motion?
Acceleration (a) of the object must be directly proportional to it’s displacement (x) from an equilibrium postion.
The acceleration must always be directed towards the equilibrium position F= - kx
What is resonance?
When an oscillating system is forced to oscillate by an outside source at (a frequency that is the same as) its own natural frequency
What is a free oscillation?
One where no external force acts on the oscillating system except for the force that gives rise to the oscillation
What is a damped oscillation?
One where energy is being transferred to the surroundings, resulting in reduced amplitude and energy.
What is a forced oscillation?
One where a force is continually/repeatedly applied to keep the oscillation going,
… so that the system is made to vibrate at the frequency of the vibrating source and not at its own natural frequency of vibration
What is damping?
The reduction in energy and amplitude of oscillations due to resistive forces on the oscillating system
How does damping affect an oscillator?
As damping increases, amplitude of oscillator decreases.
What does it mean if a material is ductile?
It undergoes a large amount of plastic deformation before it is permanently deformed
How can we reduce the amplitude of oscillations
With the plastic deformation of a ductile material
Kinetic energy of the oscillator is reduced and transferred into the deformation of the material
OR Damping
Explain how Barton’s pendulums demonstrates resonance?
Resonance occurs when a driving frequency equals/is close to the natural frequency of vibration of a system.
So the energy transfer is maximum, and a maximum amplitude of vibration in the driven system is seen.
For a simple pendulum, frequency is determined only by the length.
Hence resonance should be observed for pendula of the same length as the driving pendulum
