physics_math

Question 1

combination of 2 or more metals

Answer 1

alloy

Question 2

iron + carbon = ___

Answer 2

steel

Question 3

tin + copper = ___, the oldest alloy known to man

Answer 3

bronze

Question 4

copper + zinc = ___

Answer 4

brass

Question 5

the galaxy nearest to the Milky Way, also has a spiral shape

Answer 5

Andromeda galaxy

Question 6

the point during the orbit of a satellite, such as the moon, at which it is FARTHEST from the body its orbiting

Answer 6

apogee

Question 7

discovered that the volume of an object can be measured by the amount of water it displaces, also said “Give me the place to stand, and a lever long enough, and I will move the Earth!”

Answer 7

Archimedes

Question 8

a small planet (planetoid) that revolves around the sun, most are found between Mars and Jupiter

Answer 8

asteroid (the asteroid belt)

Question 9

the mean distance between the Earth and the sun

Answer 9

astronomical unit (AU)

Question 10

a statement that is unproven (usually because it seems obvious), and is used as a basis for other statements

Answer 10

axiom (axiomatic is a statement that is so obvious it needs no proof)

Question 11

constellation called “The Great Bear”, the tail of the bear is contained in “The Big Dipper”

Answer 11

Ursa Major

Question 12

constellation called “The Little Bear”, same as “The Little Dipper”, contains the North Star (Polaris)

Answer 12

Ursa Minor

Question 13

components of a solution that can neutralize either an acid or a base and maintain a constant pH, used in medications to decrease the acidity in the stomach

Answer 13

buffer

Question 14

numbers that indicate the order of something in a list (first, second, fifteenth, etc.)

Answer 14

ordinal number

Question 15

chemical compounds originally developed for refrigeration systems, when released into the air they release chlorine which damages the Earth’s ozone layer and was responsible for creating the ozone hole, many applications banned now

Answer 15

chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)

Question 16

combining of two hydrogen atoms into helium at room temperature, a claim to have produced ___ in a lab was false, would have meant almost unlimited cheap energy

Answer 16

cold fusion

Question 17

object that enters the inner solar system, CAN orbit the sun in elongated elliptical path, or use a hyperbolic path and leave forever, has a tail due to the material boiled off from the sun

Answer 17

comet

Question 18

motion of warm material, one of the 3 types of ways to tranfer heat (other 2 are radiation, and conduction)

Answer 18

convection (convection ovens have a fan to move the hot air)

Question 19

force due to the rotation of the Earth which makes the air in a storm rotate CCW in the Northern hemisphere, and CW in the Southern hemisphere, its zero at the equator

Answer 19

Coriolis effect

Question 20

chemical bond in which 2 atoms share some of their valence electrons, thereby creating a force that holds the atoms together, other type is ionic

Answer 20

covalent bond

Question 21

chemical bond in which 1 atom gives up an electron to another, thereby generating an electrical force that holds the atoms together, other type is covalent

Answer 21

ionic bond

Question 22

the first kind of particle accelerator built

Answer 22

cyclotron

Question 23

the separating of the constituents of a liquid by boiling it and then condensing the vapor that results, typically to purify water or extract gasoline from crude oil

Answer 23

distillation

Question 24

the laws of nature are the same for all observers anywhere in the universe (regardless of their state of motion)

Answer 24

theory of relativity

Question 25

process of a single nucleus splits into 2 or more smaller nuclei (which can release energy, e.g. with uranium, atomic bomb)

Answer 25

nuclear fission

Question 26

combining of two small atomic nuclei to form a larger nucleus (which can release energy, e.g. turning hydrogen into helium (main energy source of sun/stars, hydrogen bomb))

Answer 26

nuclear fusion

Question 27

20th American physicist (rocket scientist) who launched the first liquid-fuel rocket, helped pave the way for the US Space program

Answer 27

Robert H. Goddard

Question 28

first permanent observatory above the Earth's atmosphere, astronauts repair it in a space shuttle, named after first person to show there are galaxies beyond the Milky Way

Answer 28

Hubble Space Telescope (Edwin Hubble)

Question 29

___ was used to fill blimps because of its extremely low weight, but after it cought fire during the Hindenburg, ___ is preferred for airships since it is insert (does not burn)

Answer 29

hydrogen, helium

Question 30

number that can't be expressed as the ratio of two whole numbers (e.g. square roots of most numbers)

Answer 30

irrational number

Question 31

different forms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but different neutrons, distinguished by giving the combined number of protons and neutrons

Answer 31

isotope

Question 32

the star closest to our sun, 4 light years away

Answer 32

Alpha Centauri

Question 33

NASA space mission to place landers on the surface of Mars, did not discover signs of life

Answer 33

Viking

Question 34

Jupiter's largest moon named after a Zeus' cupbearer, bigger than mercury

Answer 34

Ganymede

Question 35

moon of Jupiter named after a girlfriend of Zeus

Answer 35

Io

Question 36

Saturn's largest moon that's bigger than mercury, only moon to have clouds

Answer 36

Titan

Question 37

Neptune's largest moon

Answer 37

Triton

Question 38

Pluto's largest moon (about half its size)

Answer 38

Charon

Question 39

Mars' only two moons, meaning "fear" and "terror"

Answer 39

Phobos (fear) & Deimos (terror)

Question 40

Italian who discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter (Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa)

Answer 40

Galilei (the Galiliean Group)

Question 41

a hazy patch of dust and other gases in space, Andromeda used to be one of these until galaxies were proven

Answer 41

nebula (Andromeda nebula)

Question 42

a supernova explosion observed by the Chinese in 1054 left this hazy cloud in Taurus

Answer 42

Crab Nebula

Question 43

fuzzy object in the belt of Orion (The Great ___ is in Orion's sword)

Answer 43

Horsehead Nebula

Question 44

electrically neutral particle, tau type was discovered in 2000, means "little neutral", was recently found that they do indeed have mass (a millionth of an electron's mass)

Answer 44

neutrino

Question 45

a machine that brings elementary particles (usually protons or electrons) to very high speeds and allows them to collide with a target

Answer 45

particle accelerator

Question 46

20th American physicist who won the Novel Prize for chemistry in 1954 and peace in 1962 (opposition to nuclear weapons), major advocate and author for vitamin C to prevent illness

Answer 46

Linus Pauling

Question 47

the point during the orbit of a satellite, such as the moon, at which it is CLOSEST to the body its orbiting

Answer 47

perigree

Question 48

4th state of matter in which some or all electrons have been torn from their parent atoms, usually associated with very high temperatures (sun)

Answer 48

plasma

Question 49

a radioactive chemical element that is artificially derived from uranium

Answer 49

plutonium

Question 50

the antiparticle for an electron (sometimes called an antielectron), same mass as an electron but carries a positive charge

Answer 50

positron

Question 51

rapidly rotating neutron star, the radio waves seems to come in throbs

Answer 51

pulsar (radio waves comes in "pulses")

Question 52

most distant galaxies seen from Earth, in the first stage of evolution of a galaxy, looks like a star but isn't

Answer 52

quasar (short for "quasistellar radio source")

Question 53

the elementary particles that make up protons and neutrons

Answer 53

quarks

Question 54

waves at the end of the electromagnetic spectrum with the lowest frequency and longest wavelength, can pass through the atmosphere and used for many communications

Answer 54

radio waves

Question 55

naturally occuring radioactive (metal) chemical element (symbol Ra), discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie

Answer 55

radium

Question 56

colorless, odorless, radioactive noble gas that is produced by the decay of radium in the soil (symbol Rn)

Answer 56

radon

Question 57

the reddening of light sent out by an object moving away from an observer (Doppler effect), distant galaxes in this list suggest the universe is expanding

Answer 57

red shift

Question 58

stream of particles (mostly protons) emitted by the sun that most super fast through the solar system

Answer 58

solar wind

Question 59

a kind of star about the size of Earth, the final life cycle of stars, formed when the star uses up their fuel and can no longer support nuclear reactions

Answer 59

white dwarf

Question 60

dark spots on the surface of the sun caused by magnetic storms

Answer 60

sunspots

Question 61

property of materials in which their electrical resistance goes to zero and they can carry current with no losses

Answer 61

superconductivity

Question 62

a large star that suddently explodes (very bright)

Answer 62

supernova

Question 63

a parallelogram with 4 equal sides (i.e. a slanted square)

Answer 63

rhombus

Question 64

a 4-sided polygon in which 2 sides are parallel and 2 are not

Answer 64

trapezoid

Question 65

series of Soviet Union spacecrafts that landed on Venus long enough to send back photographs and measurements, burnt up in 2 hrs

Answer 65

Venera

Question 66

internal friction of a fluid, causes the fluid to resist flowing, molasses has a higher one than water

Answer 66

viscosity

Question 67

the imaginary band/circle in the sky that the sun, moon, and planets appear to move throughout the year, broken up into 12 sections

Answer 67

zodiac

Question 68

what is the most common element in the universe?

Answer 68

hydrogen (74%) and helium (24%)

Question 69

What is the explosion of a star?

Answer 69

supernova

Question 70

What is a device that converts mechanical engergy into electrical energy

Answer 70

generator

Question 71

What does a hygrometer measure?

Answer 71

humidity

Question 72

Does all lightning hit the ground?

Answer 72

No, lightning can strike inside or between clouds

Question 73

Copper + Tin = ?

Answer 73

Bronze

Question 74

Components of air?

Answer 74

80% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen, .5% Carbon Dioxide (Exhaled air contains 14% Oxygen 4.4% Carbon Dioxide)

Question 75

6 trillion miles is called a

Answer 75

light year

Question 76

How much is 1 gross of eggs?

Answer 76

12 dozen (144 eggs)

Question 77

two figures are congruent?

Answer 77

same size, same shape

Question 78

the proton has 2 up and 1 down of these (neutron has 1 up and 2 down), name comes from "Finnegans Wake"

Answer 78

quarks

Question 79

reasoning from the general to the specific (or more accurately the movement from a premis to an absolutely certain conclusion), used by mathematical induction

Answer 79

deductive reasoning

Question 80

reasoning from specific instances to predict general principles (strong argument, but does not have to be absolutely certain)

Answer 80

inductive reasoning

Question 81

first human spaceflight NASA program, the ___ Seven were the first astronauts

Answer 81

Mercury

Question 82

what does an anemometer measure

Answer 82

wind speed

Question 83

ancient device with beads used as a calculator

Answer 83

abacus

Question 84

branch of physics that deals with relationship between heat, work, temp, and energy, there are 3 laws (plus a 0th law), 1st is that energy can't be created or destroyed

Answer 84

thermodynamics

Question 85

wolfram is also called

Answer 85

tungsten

Question 86

tungsten is also called

Answer 86

wolfram

Question 87

proposer of the absolute temperature scale, knighted by Queen Victoria in 1866

Answer 87

Lord Kelvin

Question 88

dark patches on the sun's surface that appear in an 11-year cycle and possess powerful solar magnetic fields

Answer 88

sunspots