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Woods comprehensive review > physio 1 > Flashcards

physio 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

any stimulus that creates an imbalance in the internal environment

A

stress

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3
Q

a chance in some parameter causes a response that results in a return of that parameter to normal (baseline)

A

negative feedback loops

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4
Q

the degree of effectiveness with which a control system maintains constant conditions

A

gain

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5
Q

gain equation

A

correction/error

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6
Q

which of the following types of neurons would transmit an action potential the fastest

A

large diameter, myelinated

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7
Q

saltatory conduction is characteristic of which part of a typical neuron

A

axon

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8
Q

what are the phases of fast action potentials

A

4= resting potential. 0= rapid depolarization. 1= initial, incomplete repolarization. 2= plateau or slow decline of membrane potential. 3=repolarization

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9
Q

what are fast action potentials due to changes in

A

conductance of potassium, sodium, and calcium ions

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10
Q

what things can result in a faster conduction velocity

A

greater AP amplitude, more rapid rate of rise of phase 0, larger cell diameter

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11
Q

stroke volume output can be increased (to more than double) by what?

A

increasing EDV or decreasing ESV

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12
Q

describe the axis for lead 1

A

2 electrodes on 2 arms

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13
Q

describe the axis for lead 2

A

electrodes on right arm and left leg

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14
Q

describe the axis for lead 3

A

electrodes on left arm and left leg

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15
Q

how much blood volume is in the systemic circulation

A

84%

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16
Q

vascular compliance (capacitance)

A

increase in volume/increase in pressure

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17
Q

what factors affect venous return to the heart systemic circulation

A

degree of filling of systemic circulation, resistance to flood flow

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18
Q

what is high hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries caused by

A

rapid fluid filtration

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19
Q

what does low hydrostatic pressure in peritubular capillaries permit

A

rapid fluid reabsorption

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20
Q

what is the glomerular filtration rate determined by

A

balance of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces acting across capillary membrane

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21
Q

what does SGLT2 do

A

reabsorbs 90% of glucose in early proximal tubule

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22
Q

what does SGLT1 do

A

reabsorbs 10% of glucose in late proximal tubule

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23
Q

what does the proximal tubule reabsorb

Study These Flashcards
A

65% of filtered sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and potassium. reabsorbs all filtered glucose and amino acids

24
Q

what is the source of aldosterone

Study These Flashcards
A

adrenal cortex

25
what is the function of aldosterone
increases sodium reabsorption and stimulates potassium secretion
26
what is the major site of action of aldosterone
principal cells of cortical collecting ducts
27
what do principal cells do
reabsorb Na+ and water from tubular lumen and secrete K+ into tubular lumen
28
what do intercalated cells do
reabsorb K+ from tubular lumen and secrete H+ into tubular lumen
29
when does acidosis occur
when the ratio of bicarbonate ion to carbon dioxide in extracellular fluid decreases
30
when does metabolic acidosis occur
when there is a decrease in bicarbonate ion
31
when does respiratory acidosis occur
when there is an increase in carbon dioxide
32
what is the primary compensatory response for respiratory acidosis
increase in plasma bicarbonate ion due to addition of new bicarbonate by the kidney
33
what is the primary compensatory response for metabolic acidosis
increase in ventilation rate
34
define alkalosis
increase in ratio of bicarbonate to hydrogen ion concentration
35
define respiratory alkalosis
decrease in carbon dioxide concentration (caused by hyperventilation)
36
what is the compensatory response for respiratory alkalosis
reduction in plasma bicarbonate ion concentration caused by renal excretion of bicarbonate ion
37
what is metabolic alkalosis caused by
rise in extracellular fluid bicarbonate concentration
38
what is the compensatory response for metabolic alkalosis
decreased ventilation and increased renal bicarbonate ion excretion
39
volume of air that is inspired or expired with each breath at rest
tidal volume
40
volume of air that can be inspired in addition to tidal volume with forceful inspiration
inspiratory reserve volume
41
what is the additional volume of air that can be expired at end of tidal volume by forceful expiration
expiratory reserve volume
42
what is the volume of air remaining in lungs after forceful expiration
residual volume
43
what is the inspiration to the maximum extent plus expiration to the maximum extent
vital capacity
44
what is the sun of all the volumes
total lung capacity
45
define pleural pressure
pressure of the fluid between parietal pleura and the visceral pleura
46
what is the alveolar pressure
pressure of the win inside the alveoli
47
what is the transpulmonary pressure
difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure
48
what gas is at the highest partial pressure
nitrogen
49
what is the ventilation-perfusion ratio
alveolar ventilation/blood flow
50
Va/Q=0 when Va=0 but there is still perfusion due to ______
due to airway obstruction (blood gas composition remains unchanged)
51
what percentage of blood gives up oxygen
25%
52
what establishes the ramp signal
dorsal respiratory group
53
what is the principal initiatory of phrenic nerve activity
dorsal respiratory group
54
where is the pneumotaxic center located
pontine respiratory group
55
what does the pneumotaxic center of the pontine respiratory group do
mainly controls rate and depth of breathing

Woods comprehensive review (2 decks)

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