PHYSIOEX Lab 5 Excercises 1-7

Question 1

total blood flow is determined by

Answer 1

cardiac output

Question 2

three main factors that affect resistance are

Answer 2

blood vessel radius
blood vessel length
blood viscosity

Question 3

the smaller the blood vessel radius the _______ the _________

Answer 3

greater the resistance

Question 4

define vasoconstriction

Answer 4

contraction of smooth muscle of the blood vessel

Question 5

vasoconstriction results in the

Answer 5

decrease in the blood vessel radius

Question 6

define vasodilation

Answer 6

relaxation of smooth muscle of the blood vessel

Question 7

vasodilation causes

Answer 7

the increase in the blood vessel radius

Question 8

T/F: blood vessel radius is the single most important factor in determining blood flow resistance.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

longer the vessel length, the ____________

Answer 9

greater the resistance

Question 10

define viscosity

Answer 10

blood thickness and determined by hematocrit - the fractional contribution of red blood cells to total blood volume

Question 11

the higher the hematrocrit, the ___________

Answer 11

greater the viscosity

Question 12

Q: blood flow is measured in;

Answer 12

ml/min

Question 13

Q: Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow

Answer 13

blood vessel radius

Question 14

Q: which of the following would not result in a decrease in the blood vessel radius

Answer 14

vasodilation

Question 15

Q; the diameter of the blood vessel is the same as

Answer 15

two times the radius of the blood vessel

Question 16

Q: the opening of the blood vessel where the blood flows is called the

Answer 16

lumen

Question 17

viscosity is

Answer 17

the thickness or stickiness of a fluid.

Question 18

the viscosity of blood is due to

Answer 18

the presence of plasma proteins and formed elements which include white cells, red blood cells and platelets

Question 19

what is polycythemia

Answer 19

a condition in which excels red blood cells are present, and certain types of anemia result in fewer red blood cells

Question 20

Q: which of the following is not a formed element

Answer 20

plasma protein

Question 21

Q: thrombocytopnia is a reduction in platelets. what effect do ou think this could have on blood viscosity

Answer 21

decrerase blood viscosity

Question 22

Q: which of the following does not contribute to the viscosity of the blood

Answer 22

oxygen level in blood

Question 23

Q: viscosity most directly affects

Answer 23

peripheral resistance

Question 24

the longer the vessel, the ________________ the resistance to blood flow through the blood vessel

Answer 24

greater

Question 25

if you gain weight, the blood vessel will

Answer 25

increase in length

Question 26

if you lose weight the blood vessel will

Answer 26

decrease in length

Question 27

Q: when the length of the blood vessel increases, which of the following increases

Answer 27

both friction and surface area

Question 28

Q: blood vessel length decreases when

Answer 28

we lose wegith

Question 29

Q: blod flow is

Answer 29

directly proportional to vessel radius to the fourth power

Question 30

Q: which of the following correctly describes resistance to flow:

Answer 30

resistance to flow increases with increased vessel length

Question 31

for the force of contraction of the heart provides

Answer 31

the initial pressure

Question 32

vascular resistance contributes to

Answer 32

the pressure gradient

Question 33

Q: pressure changes in the cardiovascular system primarily result from

Answer 33

changes in the force of contraction of the heart

Question 34

Q: what is the driving force for blood flow

Answer 34

pressure gradient

Question 35

Q: which of the following is directly proportional to blood flow

Answer 35

blood vessel radius and pressure gradient

Question 36

Q: arteries close to the heart need to be able to compensate for

Answer 36

pressure changes

Question 37

each heartbeat consists of what two things

Answer 37

filling interval - blood moves into the chambers of heart | ejection period - when blood is actively pumped into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk

Question 38

define diastole

Answer 38

relaxation of heart

Question 39

define systole

Answer 39

contraction of the heart

Question 40

heart chambers fill during _______

Answer 40

diastole

Question 41

heart chambers pumb blood out during _______

Answer 41

systole

Question 42

_________ side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs into the ___________

Answer 42

right side | left side

Question 43

__________ side of the heart delivers blod to the systems of the body

Answer 43

left

Question 44

blood returns to the _______ side of the heart to complete the circuit

Answer 44

right

Question 45

T/F: to maintain blood pressue, the cardiovascular system can alter heart rate, stroke volume or resistance

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

Q: the heart is resting during

Answer 46

ventricular diastole

Question 47

Q: the right side of heart pumps blood to

Answer 47

lungs

Question 48

Q: the layer of the blood vessel that is stimulated by the autmatic NS is the

Answer 48

smooth muscle

Question 49

Q: in the experiment, the pump stimulates

Answer 49

left ventricle of the heart

Question 50

Q: if the right beaker stimulates the flow of blod to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve and flow tube represent

Answer 50

aortic valve and aorta

Question 51

what factors affect stroke volume

Answer 51

preload, contractility afterload

Question 52

define preload

Answer 52

degree to which the ventricles are stretched by the end diastolic volume

Question 53

when the end diastolic volume increases, the cardiac muscle fibers of the ventricles

Answer 53

stretch and lengthen

Question 54

define afterload

Answer 54

the back pressure generated by the blood in the aorta and pulmonary trunk. this is the threshold that must be overcome for the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves to open

Question 55

define cardiac output

Answer 55

equal to the heart rate multipled by the stroke volume.

Question 56

in cardiac output when the stroke volume decreases, the heart rate must

Answer 56

increase to maintain cardiac output.

Question 57

Q; which of the folowing variables directly contributes to preload

Answer 57

venous return

Question 58

Q; which of the following would NOT increase end diastolic volume

Answer 58

dehydration

Question 59

Q; increased contractility of the heart results in all but which of the following

Answer 59

increased end systolic volume

Question 60

Q; which of the does not affect stroke volume

Answer 60

all fo these affect stroke volume: preload, contractility, afterload

Question 61

Q: which of the following is not equivalent to the others

Answer 61

end distolic volume

Question 62

define aortic valve stenosis

Answer 62

a condition where there is a partial blockage of the aortic semilunar valve, increasing reisstance to blood flow and left ventricular afterload

Question 63

the increase contractility, the ________becomes thicker

Answer 63

myocardium

Question 64

valves in the heart ensure that blood flows in

Answer 64

one direciton through the heart

Question 65

Q: which of the following could cause an increase in peripheral resistance in the blood vessel

Answer 65

atherosclersis

Question 66

Q; which structures in the heart ensure that one-way flow occures

Answer 66

valves

Question 67

Q: whcih of the following might be seen in both the diseased heart and the athlete's heart

Answer 67

thicker myocardium

Question 68

Q: the type of resistance increased in aortic valve stenosis is

Answer 68

increased left ventricular afterload