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PHYSIOEX Lab 1 - Experiments 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when the plasma membrane allows it to be selective about what passes through it?

A

selectively permeable

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2
Q

selectively permeable allows ____________ and appropriate amounts of ______ to enter the cell and keeps out ________________

A

nutrients, ions, undesireable substances

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3
Q

transport through the plasma membrane occurs in two basic ways

A

passively and actively

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4
Q

describe passive process

A

the transport process is driven by ceoncentration or pressure differences between the interior and exterior fo the cell

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5
Q

describe active process:

A

the cell provides energy ATP to power the transport

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6
Q

two key passive processes of membrane transport are:

A

diffusion and filtration

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7
Q

this diffusion occurs without the assistance of membrane proteins

A

Simple diffusion

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8
Q

Facilitated diffusion requires _____________ that assists in the transport

A

membrane bound carrier protein

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9
Q

T/F: In both simple and facilitated diffusion: the substance being transported moves with the concentration gradient of the solute

A

True

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10
Q

Does simple and facilitated diffusion require energy from the cell?

A

No

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11
Q

where does filtration only occur in?

A

across the capillary walls

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12
Q

what does filtration depend upon?

A

pressure gradient

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13
Q

what are the two key active processes?

A

active transport and vesicular transport

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14
Q

describe active transport

A

uses a membrane-bound carrier protein
differs from facilitated because the solutes move AGAINST their concentration gradient
ATP is used to power the transport

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15
Q

describe vesicular transport

A 
includes:
phagocytosis
endocytosis
pinocytosis
exocytosis
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16
Q

define concentration gradient

A

the net effect of this random molecular movement is that the molecules eventually become evenly distributed throughout the environment

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17
Q

define diffusion:

A

the movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration

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18
Q

Q: driving force of diffusion is

A

kinetic energy of the molecules in motion

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19
Q

Q: in diffusion, molecules move

A

from a higher concentration to a region of their lower

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20
Q

Q: which of the following dialysis membranes has the largest pore size

A

200 MWCO

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21
Q

Q: Avogadro’s number is a constant for the number of

A

molecules

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22
Q

what does Facilitated Diffusion allow to pass through?

A

allows sugars, amino acides, ions to transport through the membranes by a passive transport

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23
Q

what would cause a molecule to not be able to pass through the pores in the cell plasma membrane?

A

lipid insoluble or too large to pass through

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24
Q

what do solutes combine with in the membrane to be allowed to be transported with their concetration gradient

A

carrier protein molecules

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25
in facilitated diffusion, molecules might change _______ to accommodate solute
shape
26
T/F: carrier proteins are embedded in the plasma membrane and act like a shield, protecting the hydrophillic solute from the lipid portions of the membranes
TRUE
27
Filtration occurs in _______ direction for a given solute
one
28
__________ the concentration difference between one side of the membrane and the other, the __________ the rate of facilitated diffusion
greater, greater
29
Q: molecules need a carrier protein to help them move across a membrane because they are
lipid insoluble or they are too large
30
Q: which of the following is true of facilitated diffusion
movement is passive and down a concetration gradient
31
Q: examples of solutes that might require facilitated diffusion
glucose, sodium, potassium
32
Q: which of the following would not affect the rate of facilitated diffusion
the amount of intracellular ATP
33
define osmosis
water rmoves with its concentraton gradient from a higher concentration of water to a lower concentration of water.
34
a membrane is called ______, ______. or _____ if it allows some solute particles to pass but not others
selectively permeable differentially permeable semipermeable
35
the concentration of water in a solution depends on what?
the number of solute particles present.
36
Increasing/Decreasing the solute concentration coincides with decreasing/increasing the water concetration
increasing / decreasing
37
define osmotic pressure
the force that would need to be applied to oppose the osmosis in a closed system
38
osmotic pressure is measured in
millimeters of mercury
39
the more impermeable the solutes, the ______ the osmotic pressure
higher
40
define tonicity
refers to the way a solution affects the folume of a cell
41
T/F: the tonicity of a solution tells us whether or not a cell will shrink or swell
TRUE
42
define isotonic
when the concetration of impermeable solutes is the same inside and outside the cell
43
define hypertonic
if there is a higher concetration of impermeable solutes outside the cell than in the cell's interior
44
the net movement of water would be ____ of the cell, the cell would _____ in a hypertonic solution
out of the cell | shrink
45
define hypotonic
the concentration of impermeable solutes is lower outside of the cell than in the cell's anteior
46
in hypotonic: the net movement of water would be ______ the cell, and the cell would _______ and possibly _______
into the cell | swell and possibly burst
47
Q: which of the following is true of osmosis
it is a type of diffusion
48
Q: which of the followin goccurs when a hypertonic solution is added to the cell
cell shrinks
49
Q: the variable that affects osmotic pressure is
the concentration of non diffusing solutions
50
Q: the net movement of water would be into the cell in a
hypotonic solution
51
Define filtration
the process by which water and solutes pass through a membrane from an area of higher hydrostatic pressure into the area of lower hydrostatic pressure
52
filtration is a ________ process
passive
53
define filtrate:
the fluids and solutes that pass through the membrane
54
the amount of filtrate depends almost entirely on the _____________ and on the _____ of the membrane pores
pressure gradient and size of the membrane pores
55
solutes that are too large to pass through are retained by what? and include usually what/
capillaries | blod cells and proteins
56
what does MWCO stand for?
molecular weight cutoff. thin of this in erms of pore size.
57
the ______ the MWCo number, the _____ the pores in the filtration membrane
larger/larger
58
Q: filtration is the process that is
passive
59
filtration is dependent upon a
hydrostatic pressure gradient
60
Q: the filtrate includes:
fluids, solutes, passes through the filter
61
Q: an important place that filtration takes place in the body is
kidneys
62
define active transport
whenever a cell uses cellular energy (ATP) to move substances across its membrane
63
if substances are generally unable to pass by diffuse it is because:
1. it might be too large to pass through the membrane pores 2. it might not be a lipid soluble 3. it might have to move agaisnt rather than with, a concetration gradient
64
Describe solute pumps
substances that are moved into the cells by solute pumps include amino acid and some sugars. - both of the solutes are necessary for the life of the cell but they are lipid insolutble and too large to pass through membrane pores
65
sodium ions are ______ from the cells by _______
ejected | active transport
66
More Na+ _______ the cell than ______ the cell, makes Na_ to remain in the cell unless actively transported out
outside the cell than inside the cell
67
in the body, what is the most common type of solute pump
Na+-K pump
68
T/F: Na+-K pump, moves Na+ and K+ in opposite directions across cellular membranes and require energy
TRUE
69
____ Na+ ions are ejected from the cell for every ____ K- ions entering the cell
3, 2
70
membrane carrier proteins that move more than one substance, such as the Na+-K+ pump, participate in
coupled transport
71
if the solutes move in the same direction, the carrier is a
symporter
72
if the solutes move in opporsite direction, the carrier is an
antiporter
73
a carrier that transports on a single solute is a
uniporter
74
Q: the movement of sodium and potassium maintained by the Na+-K pump:
requires energy and is against a concentration gradient
75
Q: the sodium-potassium pump is classified as a
antiporter
76
Q: the sodium-potassum pump moves
3 sodium ions and 2 potassium ions simultaneously
77
Q: solutes that require active transport for movement might be too large to pass or might be a
lipid insoluble
78
which of the following would not affect the rate of facilitated diffusion
the amount of intracellular ATP
79
the variable that affects osmotic pressure is
the concentration of non diffusing solutes

Lab (16 decks)

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