Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy Flashcards
(26 cards)
What cardiologic changes are seen in pregnancy?
Increased blood volume: Increased preload
Decreased SVR: decreased afterload
CO increases
HR increaes
What happens to Preload in pregnancy?
Increases due to increased blood volume
What happens to afterload in pregnancy?
Decreases due to decreased SVR
What happens to Cardiac Output in pregnancy?
Increases
What happens to HR in pregnancy?
Increases
How do you calculate Cardiac Output?
Heart rate x Stroke Volume
What Respiratory changes are seen in pregnancy?
Elevation of diaphragm from gravid uterus: decreased RV
Unchanged FEV1/FVC
Increased tidal volume: increased minute ventilation: decreased pCO2: respiratory alkalosis
no change in respiratory rate
What happens to the diaphragm in pregnancy?
It is elevated due to gravid uterus causes a decreased residual volume
What happens to residual volume in pregnancy?
It is decreased due to elevated diaphragm
What happens to tidal volume in pregnancy?
It is increased due to increased minute ventilation leading to decreased pCO2 and respiratory alkalosis
What gastrointestinal changes are seen in pregnancy?
Morning sickness: N/V
GERD: LES decreased tone
Constipation
What causes morning sickness in pregnancy?
increase in estrogen, progesterone and hCG from the placenta
What Causes GERD in pregnancy?
LES has decreased tone due to progesterone
What is constipation common in pregnancy?
Motility is decreased in the large intestine
What renal changes are seen in pregnancy?
Kidney volume increases <30%
Dilation of renal pelvises can occur
Increased plasma volume and decreased peripheral resistance
Why does kidney volume increase <30% in pregnancy?
Increased vascular and interstitial volume
What causes dilation of the renal pelvises in pregnancy?
Progesterone effect and compression of the ureters by enlarging uterus
What happens to Bun/Cr in pregnancy?
Decreases due to increased plasma volume + decreased peripheral resistance leading to increased GFR
What hematologic changes can be seen in pregnancy?
Anemia
Hypercoagulability
Excess neutrophil production
Gestational thrombocytopenia
What causes anemia in pregnancy?
Increase in plasma volume by 50%
What happens to PT,PTT and INR in pregnancy?
No change
What happens to Fibrinogen in Pregnancy?
Increases
What virchow triad elements occur in pregnancy?
Venous stasis
What can excess neutrophil production in pregnancy lead to?
Leukocytosis without infection
