Physiological/Behaviotal Neroscience

Question 1

What do the basel ganglia include?

Answer 1

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus palludus
Substantia nigra

Question 2

What is the beginning of the menstrual cycle occurring during puberty, referred to as?

Answer 2

Menarche

Question 3

The menstrual cycle is moderated by changes in which hormone levels?

Answer 3

Estriadol
Progesterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 4

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?

Answer 4

Controls the release of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid and sexual hormones

Question 5

Explain the stages of sleep

Answer 5

https://www.sleepassociation.org/about-sleep/stages-of-sleep/

Question 6

What are the sleep spindles?

Answer 6

Sleep spindles are burst of high-frequency brain waves during stage 2 sleep

Question 7

What are K complexes?

Answer 7

Occurring during stage 2 sleep Kama K complexes are sharp drops in EEG potential

Question 8

What are reflexes to occur quickly instead of having to be routed through the brain?

Answer 8

Neural networks known as reflex arcs

Question 9

Define:

Phylogeny

Answer 9

The study of evolutionary development the city of evolutionary development

Question 10

What are the subdivisions of the hypothalamus

Answer 10

Lateral
Vebtromedial
Anterior

Question 11

The hypothalamus uses______________ to regulate the balance of water in the body, a process known as _______________

Answer 11

Osmoreceptors

Osmoregulation

Question 12

What is the function of lateral hypothalamus

Answer 12

It controls hunger, lesions can cause Aphasia, or refusal to eat

Question 13

What is the function of the ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 13

The vmh tells us when we had enough to eat. Lesions can lead to hypophagia or uncontrollable eating

Question 14

What is the function of the anterior hypothalamus

Answer 14

It controls sexual behavior. These actions can lead to inhibited sexual urges and activity

Question 15

Along with the nucleus accumbens, the___________ is a major pleasure center of the

Answer 15

Septalanea (or septum)

Question 16

What is Kulver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 16

It is a syndrome resulting from bilateral lesion to the amygdala, marked by docility, hypersexuality, hyperphagia and hyperorality

Question 17

What is another name for the visual cortex?

Answer 17

The striate cortex

Question 18

When the sensations from one side of the body communicates with the same side of the cortex, they are communicating

Answer 18

Ipsilaterally

Question 19

What are the three most abundant catecholamines in the body

Answer 19

Dopaminr
Epipehrine
Nonepinephrine

They are also classified as monoamines, and play a part in emotional processing

Question 20

What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Answer 20

This hypothesis states that schizophrenia is caused by an excessive amount of dopamine

Question 21

What two mood disorders are linked to non epinephrine inbalance?

Answer 21

Depression and Mania

Question 22

What is the synthetic form of dopamine sometimes used to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 22

L-dopa

Question 23

Antidepressants like Prozac are called what?

Answer 23

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssri’s)

Question 24

What is the monoaminr theroy of depression?

Answer 24

This Theory believes that excessive or insufficient levels of mono means are linked with Mania and depression

Question 25

What are peptides?

Answer 25

When two or more amino acids combine, they form peptides. Important peptides to remember are endorphins (natural painkillers) and ekephalins(?)

Question 26

What behaviors are associated with epinephrine?

Answer 26

Epinephrine, or adrenaline, is linked to fight or flight responses

Question 27

What are the functions of Serotonin?

Answer 27

Serotonin helps regulate mood and eating, as well as sleep and dreaming

Question 28

What is an another term for sedative-hypnotic drug?

Answer 28

Depressants

Question 29

What are some examples of sedativehypnotic drugs and what neurotransmitter do they affect

Answer 29

Alcohol, Benzodizepine, and Barbiturates. They enhance GABA and are used as tranquilizers or sedative

Question 30

Why is Korsakoff's symdrome?

Answer 30

Deming from malnutrition in chronic alcoholics Korsakoff syndrome causes intro grade amnesia

Question 31

What are behavioral stimulants?

Answer 31

They are drugs that reduce 50 or increase motor functioning and are believed to increase receptors for the monoanimrs and serotonin

Question 32

What are examples of Behavioral stimulants, and what are they used for?

Answer 32

Amohetaminrs Antidepressants Methylhenidate

Question 33

What are the three main types of antidepressants?

Answer 33

Tricyclics Monoamkne oxidase (MAO) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's)

Question 34

How do you tricyclic antidepressants work?

Answer 34

They prevent the reuptake of nonepinephrine and serotonin

Question 35

How do monoamine oxidase (mao) inhibitors work?

Answer 35

They prenvent MAO from breaking down nonepinephrine & serotonin

Question 36

What is the purpose of antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 36

Generally they are believed to prevent dopamine from binding to post synoptic membrane reducing who loosen Nations agitation and delusions

Question 37

What are some disorders that can be treated with antipsychotics?

Answer 37

``` Schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder. Delusional disorder. Psychotic depression. Tourette Syndrome. Dementia in elderly. ```

Question 38

What anti-psychotic is used currently to treat bipolar disorder?

Answer 38

Lithium

Question 39

What are common harcoitics (or opiates) and what do they do?

Answer 39

Opium, heroin, and morphine, they are natural pain killers

Question 40

What is ablation?

Answer 40

Ablation (or extirpation) is the term for surgically induced brain lesions

Question 41

What is dementia?

Answer 41

A loss of cognitive functioning, including disorientation and memory failure