Physiological Psychology Psychopharm Flashcards
(50 cards)
Which of the following is a condition in which levels of adrenal glucocorticoids are high, often arising from pituitary tumors, adrenal tumors, or deliberate therapy involving corticosteroids?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
D. Lyme disease
B. cushings syndrome
Which of the following brain structures is responsible for interhemispheric communication?
A. Precentral gyrus
B. Arcuate fasciculus
C. Cingulate gyrus
D. Corpus callosum
D. Corpus callosum
If Stephanie is attacked and therefore becomes more fearful of a wide variety of situations, let us assume her brain has decided, “This is a dangerous world. I need to be alert for new threats.” This long-term, generalized emotional arousal depends on which of the following brain areas?
A. Amygdala
B. Hypothalamus
C. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
D. Corpus striatum
C. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
Which of the following receptors are excited by the neurotransmitter glutamate?
A. AMPA and NMDA
B. 5-HT and G-protein
C. D2 and G-protein
D. nAChR and mAChR
A. AMPA and NMDA
Which of the following plays a role in degenerative neurological disorders while regulating movements and influencing various types of learning?
A. Putamen
B. Globus pallidus
C. Caudate nucleus
D. Basal ganglia
A. Putamen
A _______ is produced by a neutral stimulus that has been paired with an emotion-producing stimulus.
A. unconditioned emotional response
B. conditioned emotional response
C. conditioned stimulus
D. conditional response
b. conditioned emotional response
_________ is the region located in the dorsolateral pons that contains acetylcholinergic neurons and is involved in the initiation of REM sleep.
A. Ventrolateral preoptic area
B. Tuberomammillary nucleus
C. Magnocellular nucleus
D. Peribrachial area
d. peribrachial area
The discrepancy between what the left and right eyes see, is termed which of the following?
A.
Retinal disparity
B.
Strabismus
C.
Astigmatism
D.
Binocular
a. retinal disparity
The ________ are membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Select one:
A.
ventricles
B.
meninges
C.
central canal
D.
choroid plexus
b. meninges
Taking aspirin to treat the symptoms of the flu, chickenpox, or other viral illnesses, especially in children and adolescents, can trigger which of the following?
Select one:
A.
Machado-Joseph disease
B.
Reye’s syndrome
C.
Prader-Willi syndrome
D.
Urbach-Wiethe disease
b. reyes syndrome
_________ refers to the taste of monosodium glutamate (MSG), a substance that is used to enhance flavor.
Select one:
A.
Umami
B.
Sodium nitrite
C.
Carrageenan
D.
Sodium benzoate
A.
Umami
Haloperidol acts as a _________ receptor antagonist.
A.
GABA
B.
norepinephrine
C.
dopamine
D.
glutamate
c. dopamine
Which area of the brain keeps track of the position of the body relative to the world?
A.
Primary motor cortex
B.
Prefrontal cortex
C.
Posterior parietal cortex
D.
Supplementary motor cortex
c. posterior parietal cortex
Ataxia is a common symptom of advanced multiple sclerosis and is characterized by:
Select one:
A.
impairment of movement
B.
an uncomfortable sense of restlessness or agitation
C.
impaired coordination and balance
D.
slow, writhing, involuntary movements of the extremities
c. impaired coordination and balance
Which of the following areas of the brain produces melatonin and plays a role in circadian and seasonal rhythms?
Select one:
A.
Pineal gland
B.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
C.
Medial pontine reticular formation
D.
Raphe nuclei
a. pineal gland
Which of the following explains the binding of a drug with various tissues of the body or with proteins in the blood?
Select one:
A.
Dose-response curve
B.
Depot binding
C.
Pharmacokinetics
D.
Sites of action
b. depot binding
Methylphenidate inhibits the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?
Select one:
A.
Serotonin
B.
Dopamine
C.
Epinephrine
D.
Acetylcholine
b. dopamine
_______ is specialized for the control of fine movements, such as moving one finger at a time.
Select one:
A.
Precentral gyrus
B.
Prefrontal cortex
C.
Caudate nucleus
D.
Hippocampus
a. precentral gyrus
A drug that binds with a receptor but does not activate it is called a ________.
Select one:
A.
indirect agonist
B.
receptor blocker
C.
indirect antagonist
D.
presynaptic heteroreceptor
b. receptor blocker
The _______ is a region of the cerebellum involved in the control of postural reflexes.
A.
vermis
B.
flocculonodular lobe
C.
fastigial nucleus
D.
putamen
b. flocculonodular lobe
Which of the following is true regarding a K-complex waveform?
Select one:
A.
An extended period of unconsciousness caused by head trauma
B.
A state that the brain actively produces, characterized by decreased response to stimuli
C.
Waves during a burst that lasts at least half a second
D.
A sharp wave associated with temporary inhibition of neuronal firing
D.
A sharp wave associated with temporary inhibition of neuronal firing
The _____________ maintains the body’s internal homeostasis.
Select one:
A.
cingulate gyrus
B.
hypothalamus
C.
cerebellum
D.
adrenal medulla
b. hypothalamus
Which of the following cells mediate immune responses in the central nervous system by acting as macrophages, clearing cellular debris and dead neurons from nervous tissue through the process of phagocytosis?
Select one:
A.
Microglia
B.
Oligodendrocytes
C.
Radial glia
D.
Astrocytes
a. microglia
_______ refers to a sudden change of function in a portion of the brain connected to a distant, but damaged, brain area.
Select one:
A.
Diaschisis
B.
Stroke
C.
Concussion
D.
Coma
a. diaschisis
