Physiological theories of learning and memory Flashcards
What is the definition of learning?
The acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught.
What is the definition of memory?
The acquisition, encoding, storage and retrieval of information in the nervous system.
What is the difference between declarative and non-declarative memory?
Declarative is consciously accessible e.g., facts and figures, whereas non-declarative is unconsciously accessible e.g., muscle memory, driving.
Outline the three types of memory.
Short term memory = fractions of seconds
Working memory = seconds to minutes
Long term memory = days to years
What is the main area of the brain that is linked to short term memory, and how?
Hippocampus - uses dependant changes in neuronal excitability.
Where in the brain is associated with long term memory?
Wide distribution in cortex.
State the name of and define the physiological process associated with memory.
Long term potentiation - a cellular process involving persistent strengthening of synapses that leads to a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons.
What are the 3 main events that occur during long term potentiation?
Pre-synaptic cell - activated by signal and releases glutamate at synapse.
AMPA receptor - activated by glutamate and allows Na+ to enter neuron.
NMDA receptor - blocked by Mg++, and changes excitability of neuron.
Outline the changes in gene activation because of long term memory.
Activation of CREB, leads to changes in production of proteins associated with; snyaptogensis, synaptic stabilisation and strength, leading to neurogenesis.
