physiology

Question 1

hippocrates observed what…

Answer 1

that breathing is the balancing force in maintaining mental & physical health

Question 2

external respiration includes:

(2)

Answer 2

• pulmonary ventilation
• pulmonary respiration

Question 3

function of conducting zone

(4)

Answer 3

• air conditioning
• humidification
• filtration
• protective mechanisms

Question 3

structure of respiratory system

(3)

Answer 3

• airways & lungs
• respiratory muscles
• nerve centr control respiration

Question 4

mechanism of inspiration

Answer 4

caused by contraction of major muscle of respiration

Question 4

at rest normal humans breathe abt

Answer 4

12-16 times

Question 5

respiratory muscles

(4)

Answer 5

• diaphragm
• external inter-costal muscles
• internal inter-costal muscles & abdomnal muscles
• accessory muscles

Question 6

respiratory cycle phases

(3)

Answer 6

• inspiratory phase
• expiratory phase
• expiratory pause

Question 7

intrapulmonary pressures

(3)

Answer 7

• negative during inspiration
• positive during expiration
• zero between breaths

Question 7

mechanism of expiration

(2)

Answer 7

• respiratory centre stops dishcarging impulses so expiration followed
• relaxation of diaphragm & air is pushed out lungs cus of intrapulmonary pressure

Question 8

lung volumes:

(4)

Answer 8

• tidal (0.5L)(air inspired/expired during each normal breath)
• inspiratory reserve (3L)(maximal volume inspired)
• expiratory reserve (1.1L)(maximal volume of air expired after normal expiration)
• residual (1.2L)(volue of air that remains in lung after maximal expiration)

Question 9

spirometry

Answer 9

test used to help diagnose & monitor certain lung conditions by measuring how much air you can breathe out in 1 forced breath

Question 10

pulmonary volumes & capacities are (blank) in (blank)

Answer 10

• 25% less in females than males

Question 11

O2 in blood is 2 forms:

Answer 11

• dissolved state in the water of plasma
• oxyhemoglobin

Question 11

dead space is equal to

Answer 11

150mL

Question 12

diffusion capacity of lungs is decreases by:

(3)

Answer 12

• thickness of the respiratory membrane
• pulmonary oedema
• decrease area for diffusion

Question 13

oxyhemoglogin curve

Answer 13

represents the saturation of the HB at diff levelsof O2 tension

Question 14

mouth breathing can cause what problems?

(5)

Answer 14

• in adults:
  
  • bad breathe
  • gum disease
• in children:
  
  • crooked teeth
  • facial deformities
  • poor growth

Question 15

9 signs of a mouth breather

Answer 15

• snoring
• sleep apnea
• lack of concentration
• allergies
• sinus problems
• chronic sickness
• swollen tonsils
• dark circles under the eyes
• long face

Question 16

advantages of nose breathing

(4)

Answer 16

• nose acts as a filter
• prevents dryness
• nose warms up cold air to body temp
• increases O2 uptake