Physiology 2- vasculature

Question 1

Nutrient exchange occurs at

a) arterioles
b) capillaries
c) venules
d) arteries

Answer 1

b) capillaries

Question 2

Site of plaque buildup:

a) tunica media
b) tunica externa
c) tunica interna

Answer 2

c) tunica interna

Question 3

The structure of capillaries includes: (select all that apply)

a) endothelium
b) elastic tissue
c) smooth muscle
d) fibrous tissue

Answer 3

a) endothelium

Question 4

T/F: Arterioles provide the greatest resistance to blood flow through cardiac muscle activity.

Answer 4

False, arterioles are controlled by smooth muscle not cardiac muscle.

Question 5

The side of circulation acts as a “pressure reservoir” for maintaining blood flow during ventricular diastole:

a) veins
b) arteries
c) arterioles
d) capillaries

Answer 5

c) arterioles

Question 6

Arterioles regulate blood flow to:

a) tissues
b) capillaries
c) veins
d) cardiac cells

Answer 6

b) capillaries

Question 7

T/F: Fenestrated capillaries are found in the central nervous system.

Answer 7

False

• continuous capillaries are in muscles, adipose, and central nervous system
• fenestrated capillaries are found in kidneys, intestines, and endocrine glands

Question 8

T/F Discontinuous capillaries are found in bone marrow, liver, and spleen

Answer 8

True

-allows passage of proteins

Question 9

At rest, most of the total blood volume is in:

a) arteries
b) veins
c) arterioles

Answer 9

b) veins

Question 10

Arterioles are composed of (select all that apply):

a) smooth muscle
b) elastic tissue
c) endothelium
d) fibrous tissue

Answer 10

a, c; smooth muscle and endothelium

Question 11

venules are composed of (select all that apply):

a) smooth muscle
b) elastic tissue
c) endothelium
d) fibrous tissue

Answer 11

c, d; endothelium and fibrous tissue

Question 12

T/F Arteries have a larger lumen than veins.

Answer 12

False, veins thinner walls than arteries but larger lumen.

Question 13

A greater difference in the pressure between the left ventricle and right atria, the:

a) less the blood flow
b) greater the blood flow

Answer 13

b) greater the blood flow

Question 14

Flow between two points in a tube is proportional to:

a) resistance
b) pressure difference between points
c) both a and b
d) none of the above

Answer 14

B; pressure difference is proportional to flow, and resistance is inversely proportional to flow.

Question 15

Flow is ____ proportional to radius^4

a) directly
b) inversely

Answer 15

Directly proportional

-ignore the slide that says it’s inversely proportional, there’s no way a larger tube means less flow.

Question 16

Hypertension is marked by which change in arteries:

a) increased compliance
b) decreased compliance

Answer 16

decreased compliance

Question 17

Hypervolemia is

a) increase in heart rate
b) increase in blood volume
c) decrease in stroke volume
d) increase in marginal capacity of lungs

Answer 17

b) increase in blood volume

- bp and flow increases as well

Question 18

Viscosity is (select all that apply):

a) density of a fluid
b) resistance of a fluid to flow
c) inversely related to flow
d) determined by temperature
e) determined by hematocrit

Answer 18

b,c,d,e

-viscosity is independent of density

Question 19

Pulse pressure is:

a) difference between atrial systole and ventricular diastole
b) difference between ventricular systole and ventricular diastole

Answer 19

b- difference between ventricular systole and ventricular diastole

Question 20

Mean Arterial Pressure is:

a) diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
b) diastole pressure + systolic pressure
c) systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
d) systolic pressure / diastolic pressure

Answer 20

a) diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure (which is systolic-diastolic)

Question 21

Adequate perfusion requires

a) MAP > 80 mmHg
b) SP > 40 mmHg
c) DP < 120 mmHg
d) MAP > 60 mmHg

Answer 21

d) MAP > 60 mmHg

Question 22

___ is clinically used to describe blood flow status, blood volume, and status of circulation.

a) blood flow
b) mean arterial pressure
c) diastolic volume
d) arteriole pressure

Answer 22

b) map

Question 23

Blood pressure is a surrogate measure for

Answer 23

blood volume

Question 24

Arterioles are innervated by autonomic adrenergic fibers that release ____ at the terminal synapses to cause smooth muscle contraction.

a) acetylcholine
b) serotonin
c) norepinephrine
d) vasopressin

Answer 24

c) norepinephrine from the sympathetic fibers

Question 25

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur at the a) tunica externa b) tunica media c) tunica intima

Answer 25

b) tunica media

Question 26

T/F The arterioles have rich parasympathetic innervation

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Noncholinergic, nonadrenergic autonomic neurons control vasodilation by releasing: a) ACh b) NE c) NO d) O2

Answer 27

c) NO

Question 28

NE in ß2 pulmonary tissue causes a) vasoconstriction b) vasodilation

Answer 28

b) vasodilation

Question 29

NE in α receptors in skeletal muscle arterioles causes a) vasoconstriction b) vasodilation

Answer 29

a) vasoconstriction

Question 30

More ___ adrenergic receptors are found in muscle tissue than other tissues. a) α b) ß2

Answer 30

b ß2

Question 31

Bradykinin performs a) vasoconstriction b) vasodilation

Answer 31

b) vasodilation

Question 32

Reactive hyperemia vs active hyperemia:

Answer 32

Reactive- incr blood flow after ischemia | Active- incr blood flow with incr metabolic demand

Question 33

2/3 of body water found in a) cells b) blood plasma c) interstitial spaces

Answer 33

a) cells

Question 34

Of the extracellular fluid, the majority exists in: a) blood plasma b) interstitial spaces

Answer 34

b) interstitial spaces

Question 35

Oncotic/colloid osmotic pressure tends to ____ water. a) pull into the circulatory system b) push out of the circulatory system

Answer 35

a) pull into circulatory system

Question 36

Proteins, microorganisms, and fats can enter lymphatic capillaries. T/F

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Lymphocytes are produced in:

Answer 37

tonsils, thymus, spleen