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Y2 DERMATOLOGY > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is the outermost layer of skin called?

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

Which type of epithelium makes up epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Which layer of skin is deep to epidermis?

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Which tissue type makes up dermis?

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

Which germ layer forms epidermis?

A

Ectoderm (forms periderm)

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7
Q

Which germ layer forms dermis?

A

Mesoderm

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8
Q

In foetal skin development, which layers are formed after 16 weeks?

A

Keratin layer + granular layer
Prickle cell layer
Basal layer
Dermis

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9
Q

Which cell makes up 95% of epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

The basal layer of skin is highly metabolically active. True/False?

A

True

Lots of intermediate filaments

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11
Q

Name 3 other epidermal cells (other than keratinocytes)

A

Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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12
Q

Where do melanocytes derive from?

A

Neuronal cell crest

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13
Q

What are melanocytes? Which layer of skin are they found?

A

Pigment-producing dendritic cells

Basal layer

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14
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Convert tyrosine to melanin pigment and load colour onto adjacent keratinocytes

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15
Q

Eumelanin is brown/red

A

Brown

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16
Q

Phaeomelanin is brown/red

A

Red

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17
Q

Which disease results due to loss of melanocytes?
What disease is the genetic partial loss of pigment production?
What disease involves excess melanin due to pituitary?

A

Vitiligo
Albinism
Nelson’s syndrome

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18
Q

Where do Langerhans cells derive from?

A

Bone marrow

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19
Q

What are Langerhans cells? Which layer of skin are they found?

Study These Flashcards
A

Antigen-presenting cells

Prickle cell layer

20
Q

What are Merkel cells? Where are they found?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mechanoreceptors that aid sensation

Between keratinocytes + nerve fibres

21
Q

What are the 3 phases of growth of a hair follicle?

Study These Flashcards
A

Anagen (growing)
Catagen (curve inwards)
Telogen (resting)

22
Q

What is the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ)?

Study These Flashcards
A

The interface between the dermis and epidermis

23
Q

List 2 key roles of the DEJ

Study These Flashcards
A

Support, anchoring, adhesion and growth of epidermal cells

Semi-permeable membrane acts as a filter/barrier

24
Q

Give an example of inherited skin fragility as a result of mutation to one of the proteins in the DEJ

Study These Flashcards
A

Epidermolysis bullosa complex in young infants

25
Give an example of acquired skin fragility
Dermatitis herpetiformis | Bullous pemphigoid
26
What do fibroblasts in the dermis produce?
Procollagen (becomes collagen) | Elastin
27
The blood vessel supply to skin is greater than its metabolic need. True/False?
True
28
Which nerve receptors sense pressure in skin?
Pacinian corpuscles
29
Which nerve receptors sense vibration in skin?
Meissners corpuscles
30
What do free nerve endings provide sense for in skin?
Temperature | Pain
31
Which inherited condition arises due to overgrowth of nerve endings?
Neurofibromatosis
32
List the 3 main secretory glands in skin
Eccrine Apocrine Sebaceous
33
Eccrine glands secrete ?Apocrine glands secrete ?Sebaceous glands secrete ?
Eccrine glands secrete sweat Apocrine glands secrete odourous fluid Sebaceous glands secrete moisturiser
34
Which areas of the body have a high concn of sebaceous glands?
Head, neck and chest (areas common in acne)
35
What is the significance of the melanin cap on basal cells?
Absorbs UV rays to protect DNA in the cells' nuclei
36
Which vitamin does skin metabolise?
Vitamin D
37
Which cells help protect skin from UV rays?
Melanocytes
38
Ratio of melanocytes : basal cells = ?
1:10
39
Where is the papillary dermis found?
Uppermost layer of the dermis
40
List the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom
``` Keratin (Kez) Granular (Grafts) Prickle cell (People) Basal (Buying) Dermis (Drinks) ```
41
What are Blashkos lines?
Developmental growth patter of the skin | Used to show congenital defects
42
What is alopecia areata? What is the classical sign?
Autoimmune hair loss | Exclamation mark patches
43
Which areas of the body have a high concn of apocrine glands?
Axilla | Perineum
44
Which areas of the body have a high concn of eccrine glands?
Palms Soles Axilla
45
Which sweat glands are involved in thermoregulation?
Eccrine sweat glands
46
What is the main component of the PCL?
Desmesomes
47
What is the main component of the granular layer?
Keratohyalin granules

Y2 DERMATOLOGY (12 decks)

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