Physiology

Question 1

body fluid compartments

Answer 1

intracellular fluid (ICF)
extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 2

extracellular fluid compartments

Answer 2

interstitial fluid

blood plasma

Question 3

extracellular fluid volume

Answer 3

1/3 total body volume

20% body weight

Question 4

intracellular fluid volume

Answer 4

2/3 total body volume

40%

Question 5

total body water volume

Answer 5

60% body weight
ICF - 40%
ECF - 20%

Question 6

in terms of body percentages, males have more what, while females have more what?

Answer 6

males - water

females - fat

Question 7

what charge are proteins usually

Answer 7

negative

Question 8

what would happen if the liver stopped producing proteins

Answer 8

the protein concentration level in the blood would drop, causing water to leave the capillaries into the interstitial fluid which causes edema

Question 9

What do Starling forces do?

Answer 9

substances moving between plasma and interstitial fluid must cross the capillary wall

Question 10

what is osmosis

Answer 10

movement of water to a higher concentration so that it reaches the equilibrium point

Question 11

what happens to a cell is an isotonic environment

Answer 11

no change

the cell is the same concentration as the extracellular fluid, so there would be no net movement of water

Question 12

what happens to a cell in a hypotonic environment

Answer 12

water would move into the cell from the extracellular fluid

cell swells and can potentially burst

Question 13

what happens to a cell in a hypertonic environment

Answer 13

water moves out of cell into the extracellular fluid

cell shrinks/ crenates

Question 14

how does the body know if the blood is too concentrated

Answer 14

there are osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus

Question 15

what concentrations are higher outside the cell

Answer 15

oxygen
sodium
calcium

Question 16

what concentrations are higher inside the cell

Answer 16

carbon dioxide

potassium

Question 17

cytosol function

Answer 17

metabolism, protein synthesis

Question 18

cytoskeleton function

Answer 18

cell shap and movement

intracellular transport

Question 19

nucleus function

Answer 19

genome

dna and rna synthesis

Question 20

mitochondria function

Answer 20

atp synthesis

calcium storage

Question 21

smooth er function

Answer 21

synthesis of lipids, calcium storage

Question 22

free ribosomes function

Answer 22

translation of mrna to cytosolic proteins

Question 23

rough er function

Answer 23

translating mrna into membrane associated proteins or for secretion out of cell

Question 24

lysosome function

Answer 24

intracellular degradation

Question 25

endosome function

Answer 25

cellular uptake of cholesterol removal of receptors from membrane internalization of large particles such as bacti

Question 26

golgi apparatus

Answer 26

modification sorting and packaging of proteins and lipids for delivery to other organelles within cell or for secretion

Question 27

proteosome function

Answer 27

degradation of intracellular proteins

Question 28

peroxisome

Answer 28

detoxification of substances

Question 29

what factors affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 29

``` lipid solubility (direct) molecular size (inverse) concentration gradient (direct) membrane surface area composition of lipid later ```

Question 30

ficks law of diffusion

Answer 30

rate of diffusion is directly proportional to surface area, concentration gradient and membrane permeability

Question 31

what is membrane permeability relied upon

Answer 31

membrane permeability is directly proportional to lipid solubility and inversely proportional to molecular size