Physiology Ans Hemodynaics

Question 1

1st left ventricle pressure exceeds that in the aorta

Pressure in the left ventricle rises rapidly

Aortic valve opens, blood is ejected, BP rises

Answer 1

Cardiac contraction begins:

Question 2

1. Left ventricle
2. Aorta
3. Large arteries
4. Arterioles
5. Capillaries
6. Venules
7. Large veins
8. Vena cava
9. Right atrium

Answer 2

The heart pump

Question 3

Pressure is greater at the ______ gradually _______ as the blood moves further away.

Answer 3

Heart.

Decreasing

Question 4

Each cardiac contraction distends the ___________, which serve as reservoirs for blood volume _________ and _________ supplied to the system

Answer 4

Arteries

Storage

Energy

Question 5

Lower resistance =

Answer 5

Higher flow rate

Question 6

Higher resistance =

Answer 6

Lower flow rate

Question 7

Energy difference: includes losses resulting from fluid movement

Any resistance which tends to oppose such movement

Answer 7

The amount of flow depends

Question 8

Q= A × V

Answer 8

Volume flow = size x speed

Question 9

Increase in area

Answer 9

Decrease in velocity

Question 10

Decrease in area

Answer 10

Increase in velocity

Question 11

Dicrotic notch is related to the

Answer 11

Closure if the aortic valve

Question 12

Reflects where the blood is going to.

Answer 12

Diastole

Question 13

Reflects where the blood came from

Answer 13

Systole

Question 14

Pulsatile changes in medium/small sized arteries of the limbs are increased. When this occurs, pulsatility changes are usually decreased in the minute arteries

Answer 14

Vasoconstriction

Question 15

Ability to most vascular beds to maintain constant level of blood flow over wide range of perfusion pressures

Answer 15

Auto regulation

Question 16

The amount of flow depends upon:

Answer 16

Enegery difference

Any resistance

Question 17

Includes losses resulting from fluid movement

Answer 17

Enegery difference

Question 18

Which tends to oppose such movement

Answer 18

Any resistance

Question 19

A __________ _________ is needed to move blood from one point to another.

Answer 19

Enegery gradient

Question 20

The larger the gradient

Answer 20

Greater the flow

Question 21

Relates to the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in its velocity

Answer 21

Inertia

Question 22

Energy continually restored by

Answer 22

Pumping action of heart

Question 23

As the blood moves farther out to periphery

Answer 23

Energy dissipated largely in the form of heat

Question 24

Movement of a fluid (blood) is dependent upon

Answer 24

Physical properties of the fluid and what its moving through

Question 25

Elevated hematocrit increases

Answer 25

Blood viscosity

Question 26

Severe anemia decreases

Answer 26

Blood viscosity

Question 27

Increase viscosity

Answer 27

Decrease velocity

Question 28

Decrease viscosity

Answer 28

Increase velocity

Question 29

Diminishing vessel size increases

Answer 29

Frictional forces and heat energy losses

Question 30

Laminar flow is considered

Answer 30

Stable flow

Question 31

Likely seen at vessel origin. As well as during initial cardiac upstroke

Answer 31

Plug flow

Question 32

Usually seen downstream once laminar flow is fully developed

Answer 32

Parabolic flow

Question 33

Energy loss occurs at the

Answer 33

Exit of a stenosis

Question 34

Inertial losses occur with deviations from laminar flow, due to

Answer 34

Direction and /or velocity changes

Question 35

Stored energy is released when walls

Answer 35

Recoil

Question 36

Kinetic energy (velocity)

Answer 36

Motion/forward

Question 37

When standing ankle pressure equals

Answer 37

Circulatory pressure plus 100mmHg

Question 38

The size of the vessel equals

Answer 38

Radius

Question 39

Defines relationships between pressure, volume flow, resistance

Answer 39

Poiseuille’s equation

Question 40

Helps define how much fluid volume moves through vessel

Answer 40

Poiseuille’s equation

Question 41

Diminishing vessel size

Answer 41

Increases frictional forces and heat energy loss.