Arterial testing chapter 3

Question 1

Pain in muscles usually occurring during exercise (activity); Subsides with rest.

Answer 1

Claudication (intermittent)

Question 2

Level of disease usually proximal to location of symptoms

Answer 2

Claudication (intermittent)

Question 3

Chronic Occlusive disease

Answer 3

Claudication or Ischemic Rest pain, Tissue loss

Question 4

Sever symptom of reduced blood flow (loss of perfusion)

Answer 4

Ischemic rest pain

Question 5

Necrosis or death of tissue

Answer 5

Tissue loss

Question 6

Symptoms include the 6 p’s: Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, polar (cold)

Answer 6

Acute arterial occlusion

Question 7

Emergency situation since no time for development of collateral channels - No collaterals

Answer 7

Acute arterial occlusion

Question 8

Symptoms of intermittent digital ischemia occur due to cold exposure or emotional stress.

Answer 8

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Question 9

Changes I skin color may include pallor, cyanosis, or rubor (color change in fingers)

Answer 9

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Question 10

Ischemia due to digital arterial spasm (healthy)

Common in young women; may be hereditary, bilateral

Benign condition- (does not lead to gangrene)

Answer 10

Primary Raynaud’s

Question 11

Underlying disease

Normal vasoconstriction of arterioles present with a fixed artery obstruction. Ischemia constantly present

Answer 11

Secondary Raynaud’s

Question 12

May be the first manifestation of Buerger’s disease

Answer 12

Secondary Raynaud’s

Question 13

swelling of blood vessels (smoking/tobacco use inflammation, can clot ischemic

Answer 13

Buerger’s disease

Question 14

A concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin, causes bluish discoloration

Answer 14

Cyanosis

Question 15

Result of deficient blood supply; skin pale

Answer 15

Pallor

Question 16

Suggests dilated vessels or vessels dilated secondary to reactive hyperemia; skin is reddened

Answer 16

Rubor

Question 17

Normal capillary refill time is

Answer 17

less 3 seconds

Question 18

An increase in the capillary refill time denotes

Answer 18

decrease in arterial perfusion

Question 19

Press on the skin to see how long color comes back

Answer 19

Capillary filling

Question 20

Ulcerations location

Answer 20

Tibial area, foot toes.

Question 21

Cadaveric pallor during elevation with ruborous red discoloration with dependency (dependent rubor)

Answer 21

Elevation/dependency changes

Question 22

When the hangs down

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 22

Dependent rubor

Question 23

Enlarged

Aneurysms can be palpated and described as

Answer 23

Bounding in palpation

Question 24

Rhythmic pulsation of artery

Answer 24

signifies adequate circulatory status.

Question 25

Grading pulses on scale of

Answer 25

0 (none) - 4+

Question 26

Palpable thrill over pulse site may indicate

Answer 26

Fistula, a patent dialysis access site or post-stenotic turbulence.

Question 27

Aorta, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis (DPA), posterior tibial (PTA)

Answer 27

Palpable pulse

Question 28

The peroneal artery is not

Answer 28

Palpable

Question 29

Bruit auscultation is more often done with

Answer 29

Carotid examination

Question 30

Diabetes, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Smoking, Other

Answer 30

Risk factors

Question 31

Atherosclerosis, Higher incidence of disease, Medial calcification develops in LE arteries, Poor sensation (neuropathy), Higher incidence of gangrenous change

Answer 31

Diabetes

Question 32

More common in; occurs in at a younger age

Answer 32

Atherosclerosis

Question 33

Higher incidence of disease

Answer 33

Distal pop, and tibial arteries

Question 34

This is associated with increased risked for cardiovascular events; death usually related to heart disease

Answer 34

Medial calcification develops in LE arteries

Question 35

May lead to increased injury

Answer 35

Neuropathy

Question 36

Atherosclerosis (obliterans)

Answer 36

99%

Question 37

Thickening, hardening, loss of elasticity of the artery walls (less of kinetic energy)

Answer 37

Most common arterial pathology

Question 38

Changes occur in what layers of the vessel

Answer 38

Intima and medial layer

Question 39

Carotid bifurcation Aorto-iliac system CFA bifurcation SFA-Distal-abductor canal

Answer 39

Most common sites

Question 40

what syndrome that is caused by obstruction of the aorta occurs in males

Answer 40

Leriche syndrome

Question 41

``` Symptoms of_______ Fatigue in hips, thighs, or calves with exercise Absence of femoral pulses Impotence Often times, pallor and coldness of LE ```

Answer 41

Leriche Syndrome

Question 42

Obstruction of vessel by foreign substance or blood clot

Answer 42

Embolism

Question 43

Dilatation of all three arterial wall layers

Answer 43

True aneurysm

Question 44

Diffuse, circumferential dilatation

Answer 44

Fusiform

Question 45

Localized "sac-like"

Answer 45

Saccular

Question 46

small tear of the inner wall allows blood to form cavity between two walls layers (occurs more often in thoracic aorta

Answer 46

Dissecting aneurysm

Question 47

Results from a defect in the main artery wall (post catherization)

Answer 47

Pseudoaneurysm

Question 48

The most common location of a true aneurysm

Answer 48

Infrarenal aorta

Question 49

To pulsatile structure outside vessel walls pulsatile hematoma :to and fro flow"

Answer 49

Pseudoaneurysm

Question 50

Patients with one aneurysm have incidence of ____

Answer 50

2

Question 51

More often in a pseudo of the _____ or _____ as opposed to elsewhere.

Answer 51

CFA or Popliteal A.

Question 52

Rupture of the aortic aneurysm; emobolization of the peripheral aneurysms "blue toe"

Answer 52

Most frequent complication of pseudoaneurysm

Question 53

Inflammation of small vessels - finger and toes

Answer 53

Arteritis

Question 54

Types of arteritis is

Answer 54

Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

Question 55

Narrowing of the Aorta

Answer 55

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 56

One of the several congenital anomalies of arterial system

Answer 56

Narrowing of the aorta

Question 57

Coarctation of the aorta usually occurs in the _____ but also can occur in the ______

Answer 57

Thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta

Question 58

clinical findings of coarctation: due to decreased kidney perfusion Ischemia e.g., reduced pulses

Answer 58

Hypertension Symptoms of LE

Question 59

Flow velocities differ in each lumen

Answer 59

Dissection

Question 60

No dilation 2 compartments 2 different flows

Answer 60

Dissection

Question 61

If a aorta ruptures it can cause _____

Answer 61

Death