Physiology Lab stuff

Question 1

What would be some benefits and goals of passive range of motion?

Answer 1

• Determine progress
• Maintain joint fluid
• Maintain range of motion in a joint

Question 2

What is the most common direction that the patella will luxate?

Answer 2

• Medially

Question 3

To check for a luxating patella, what is the best position to have the leg in?

Answer 3

• Extend the stifle

Question 4

What structures make up the composition of the calcanean tendon?

Answer 4

• Gracilis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, superficial digital flexor, gastrocnemius

Question 5

With a calcanean tendon injury, what is the significance of a completely plantigrade stance vs plantigrade stance with digits flexed?

Answer 5

• If there is a plantigrade stance with digits flexed, then the superficial digital flexor is still intact, but the remaining muscles are intact

Question 6

What muscles lie adjacent to the iliopsoas muscle inertion?

Answer 6

• Pectineus (medial)
• Adductor and gracilis
• Iliopsoas pain if often secondary to something else

Question 7

Name four parts of the shoulder that can happen that can lead to shoulder injury

Answer 7

• Subscapularis, joint capsule, labrum, glenohumeral ligament
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Biceps brachii

Question 8

What four parts of the shoulder can lead to medial shoulder instability?

Answer 8

• Subscapularis
• Joint capsule
• Labrum
• Glenohumeral ligament

Question 9

How do you stretch the brachiocephalicus/omotransversarius?

Answer 9

• Flex the shoulder joint and turn the head for brachiocephalicus
• For omotransversarius, extend the neck

Question 10

How do you stretch the rhomboids?

Answer 10

• Lift the scapula

Question 11

How do you stretch the pectoral muscles

Answer 11

• Abduct the limb and pull the limb cranially

Question 12

How do you stretch the biceps brachii?

Answer 12

• Extend the elbow and flex the shoulder

Question 13

How do you stretch the supraspinatus?

Answer 13

• Flex the shoulder joint

Question 14

How do you stretch the infraspinatus and teres minor?

Answer 14

• Rotate medially

Question 15

How do you stretch the deltoids?

Answer 15

• Extend the shoulder

Question 16

How do you stretch the triceps?

Answer 16

• Extend the shoulder and flex the elbow

Question 17

How do you stretch the subscapularis?

Answer 17

• Flex the shoulder and rotate laterally

Question 18

How do you stretch the Teres major?

Answer 18

• Extend the shoulder and rotate laterally

Question 19

How do you stretch the latissimus dorsi

Answer 19

• Move cranially and extend the shoulder

Question 20

How do you stretch the carpal flexors?

Answer 20

• Extend the carpus and digits

Question 21

How do you stretch the carpal extensors?

Answer 21

• flex the carpus and digits

Question 22

How do you stretch the iliopsoas?

Answer 22

• Hip extension and medially rotate the hip

Question 23

How do you stretch the semimembranosus muscle?

Answer 23

• Flex the hip joint, flex the stifle joint or extend the stifle join

Question 24

How do you stretch the semitendinosus muscle?

Answer 24

• Flex the tarsus, flex the hip, and extend the stifle

Question 25

How do you stretch the Biceps femoris?

Answer 25

- Flex the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints; extend the stifle

Question 26

How do you stretch the sartorius muscle?

Answer 26

- Extend the hip | - Flex and extend the stifle

Question 27

How do you stretch the quadriceps?

Answer 27

- Extend the hip | - Flex the stifle

Question 28

How do you stretch the gluteals?

Answer 28

- Flex the hip joint and adduct it | - Rotate laterally

Question 29

How do you stretch the gracilis?

Answer 29

- Abduct the limb, extend the stifle, and flex the hip and tarsal joints

Question 30

How do you stretch the pectineus and adductor muscles?

Answer 30

- Abduct the hip and flex the hip

Question 31

How do you stretch the gastrocnemius?

Answer 31

- Extend the stifle joint and flex the tarsus

Question 32

How do you stretch the superficial digital flexor tendon/

Answer 32

- Extend the digits, flex the tarsus, extend the stifle

Question 33

How do you stretch the cranial tibial?

Answer 33

- Extend the tarsocrural joint and rotate the paw medially

Question 34

What condition causes a gait abnormality described as a shortened stride with a rapid, elastic medial rotation of the paw, external rotation of the hock, and internal rotation of the stifle during the mid-to-late swing phase of the stride?

Answer 34

- Gracilis or semitendinosus myopathy

Question 35

Which muscles are most commonly affected in the aforementioned condition?

Answer 35

- Gracilis or semitendinosus

Question 36

What is the most common breed to see gracilis or semitendinosus myopathy in?

Answer 36

- German shepherds, Belgian shepherds

Question 37

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the shoulder

Answer 37

Proximal: spine of the scapula Axis: acromion Distal: Lateral epicondyle

Question 38

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the elbow

Answer 38

Axis: lateral epicondyle Proximal: greater tubercle Distal: lateral styloid process

Question 39

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the carpus

Answer 39

Axis: ulnar carpal bone Proximal: head of the radius Distal: 5th metacarpal

Question 40

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the coxofemoral joint

Answer 40

- Axis: Greater trochanter - Proximal: midline of ilium - Distal: lateral epicondyle

Question 41

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the stifle joint

Answer 41

- Axis: lateral epicondyle - Proximal: greater trochanter - Distal: lateral malleolus

Question 42

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the tarsus

Answer 42

- Axis: lateral malleolus - Proximal: head of the fibula - Distal: 5th metatarsal

Question 43

Normal range of motion of carpus

Answer 43

- Flexion: 32° | - Extension: 196°

Question 44

Normal range of motion of elbow

Answer 44

- Flexion: 36° | - Extension: 166°

Question 45

Normal range of motion of shoulder

Answer 45

- Flexion: 57° | - Extension: 165°

Question 46

Normal range of motion of tarsus

Answer 46

- Flexion: 38° | - Extension: 165°

Question 47

Normal range of motion of stifle

Answer 47

- Flexion: 41° | - Extension: 162°

Question 48

Normal range of motion of hip

Answer 48

- Flexion: 50° | - Extension: 162°