Physiology of a Cell

Question 1

Passive

Answer 1

Does not require any energy

Question 2

Active

Answer 2

Requires metabolic energy (actively pulled)

Question 3

Natural tendency for molecules to spread out evenly within a given space. Moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (Down a concentration Gradient)

Answer 3

Diffusion

Question 4

Simple Diffusion

Answer 4

Movement from high to low concentration

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane that contains at least one impermeable substance.

Question 6

Channel-mediated passive transport (Facilitated Diffusion)

Answer 6

Movement of particles from a high to low concentration through a channel in the membrane

Question 7

Carrier-mediated passive transport (Facilitated Diffusion)

Answer 7

Movement of particles from a high to low concentration by the use of a carrier structure

Question 8

Diffusion in which a selectively permeable membrane causes the separation of smaller particles from larger particles.

Answer 8

Dialysis

Question 9

Hemodialysis

Answer 9

A Dialysis membrane is used to separate pt blood from clean dialysis fluid

Question 10

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 10

Extracellular pressure is low so solution moves into the cell and causes it to expand (possible exploding)

Question 11

Hypertonic

Answer 11

Extracellular pressure is high so solution is pulled out of the cell causing is to shrink and shrivel up

Question 12

Isotonic

Answer 12

The intra and extracellular pressure is equal so there is and even exchange and no change in the cell.

Question 13

The force or weight of a fluid pushing against a surface

Answer 13

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

Movement of a molecule from high to low hydrostatic pressure (down hydrostatic pressure gradient)

Answer 14

Filtration

Question 15

Movement from a low to high concentration (up the concentration gradient)

Answer 15

Active Transport

Question 16

Moves particles up a concentration gradient

Answer 16

Membrane Pumps (ex. Ca+ pumps)

Question 17

Endocytosis

Answer 17

Plasma membrane traps extracellular material and brings it into the cell (active transport)

Question 18

Type of endocytosis that traps microorganisms and pinches off the form a capsule around particle with cell (cell eating)

Answer 18

Phagocytosis

Question 19

Type of endocytosis the microorganism is dissolved before entering the cell (cell drinking)

Answer 19

Pinocytosis

Question 20

Process in which large molecules notably proteins can leave the cell

Answer 20

Exocytosis

Question 21

Catabolic

Answer 21

Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 22

Anabolism

Answer 22

Builds up large complex molecules from smaller molecules

Question 23

Regulates cell functions by regulating metabolic pathways. Take on the chemical properties of proteins.

Answer 23

Enzymes

Question 24

Organization of DNA into two identical sets. Cell divides into two identical daughter cells

Answer 24

Mitosis

Question 25

Type of cell division that only occurs in primitive sex cells

Answer 25

Meiosis

Question 26

Increase in cell size

Answer 26

Hypertrophy

Question 27

Decrease in cell size

Answer 27

Atrophy

Question 28

Excessive cell reproduction

Answer 28

Hyperplasia

Question 29

Cells fail to differentiate

Answer 29

Anaplasia

Question 30

Abnormal change in shape, size or organization of cells

Answer 30

Dysplasia

Question 31

Cell dies because of injury or pathological conditions. Causes nearby cells to die

Answer 31

Necrosis

Question 32

Nonpathological cell death

Answer 32

Apoptosis

Question 33

Disease in which Cl- channels in the plasma membrane are defective (CTFRs). Causes sweat, mucus and pancreatic juices to be very salty and thick.

Answer 33

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Question 34

Disease that's triggered by the cellular response to obesity. A reduction in the number of functioning membrane receptors of the hormone insulin, causing cells to become deprived of glucose

Answer 34

Type II diabetes mellitus