Physiology of Blood

Question 1

What is the highest composition of total plasma

Answer 1

water

Question 2

What is the highest composition of plasma proteins

Answer 2

albumin

Question 3

What is the 2nd highest composition of plasma proteins

Answer 3

globulins

Question 4

Function of albumin

Answer 4

maintain oncotic pressure of blood

transport free fatty acids

Question 5

Function of haptoglobin

Answer 5

binds free hemoglobin

Question 6

Function of transferrin

Answer 6

binds Fe++ and carries it to tissues

Question 7

How do you calculate plasma osmolatity

Answer 7

(2Na+) + (BUN/2.8) + (glucose/18)

Question 8

oncotic pressure

Answer 8

generated by plasma proteins, force that allows reaborption of fluid at the venous ends of the capillaries

Question 9

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 9

capillary pressure, drives fluid out of capillaries into tissues

Question 10

What can increase oncotic pressure

Answer 10

hyperalbunemia

Question 11

What can decrease oncotic pressure

Answer 11

hypoalunbemia

Question 12

Hematopoiesis

Answer 12

formation of blood cells

Question 13

TRP

Answer 13

secreted by liver, stimulated megakaryocyte-progenitor cells to differentiate into megakaryocyte precursors

Question 14

EPO

Answer 14

myeloid progenitor generates erythroid progenitor, which begin to express EPO receptors makes EPO necessary for cells to preogress to erthroblast stage

Question 15

Charactersitics of erythrocytes

Answer 15

do not have organelles, carbonic anhydrase is present,

Question 16

Hematocrit

Answer 16

precent of total volume of RBCs per total blood volume

Question 17

MCV

Answer 17

average volume of RBCs

Question 18

MCHC

Answer 18

measure of conc of hemoglobin in a given volume of RBCs

Question 19

RDW

Answer 19

measure of variation of RBC volume

Question 20

erythropoiesis

Answer 20

process by which new RBCs are formed

Question 21

How does erythropoiesis take place

Answer 21

EPO produced

HIF-1aphla synthesized, increases EPO production

Question 22

Why may the number of reticulocytes be incrased

Answer 22

recent increase in erythropoiesis

Question 23

Why may the number of reticulocytes be decreased?

Answer 23

diminishing erythropoiesis

Question 24

How is heme iron degraded

Answer 24

taken to the liver so iron can be used elsewhere in body

Question 25

How is porphyrin ring degradedd

Answer 25

converted into bilirubin, which is conjugated into glucuronic acid

Question 26

How do platelets regulate hemostatis

Answer 26

they have glycolipids on their surface, when these are exposed they form a platelet plug to prevent blood loss and secrete factors for blood clotting

Question 27

Steps of thrombopoiesis

Answer 27

TPO stimulated megakaryocyte progenitors to become megakaryocyte precursors, endergo endomitosis, become large multinucleated cells. Cytoplasmic budding produces platlets from megakaryocytes

Question 28

5 types of WBCs from least to most abundant

Answer 28

``` basophils eosinophils monocytes lymphocytes neutrophils ```