Physiology Of Blood Cells

Question 1

Summarise the physiology of general blood cells and the normal maturation of myeloid and erythrocytes and erythropoiesis

Answer 1

Physiology of blood cells: all originate in bone marrow, ultimately derided from multipotent haemopoietic stem cells, which give arise to lymphoid and myeloid stem cells, from which red cells, granulocytes, monocytes and platlets are derived.

Myeloid stem cell > proerythroblast > erythroblast > erythrocytes (erythroblasts have larger nuclei and small amount of cytoplasm so dark blue to red)

Erythropoiesis: erythropoietin produced as a result of hypoxia

Question 2

Describe the physiology of red cell, white cell, neutrophil, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, platelet, lymphocytes

Answer 2

Red cell: erythrocytes survives 120 days, function to transport gas exchange, ultimately destroyed by phagocytise cells of spleen

White cell: multipotent haemopoitic can give rise to myeloblast and monoblast and in turn rise to granulocyte and monocyte. Cytokines influence pathway

Neurotrophil: survives 7-10 hours in circulation and main function to fight infection. Look at diagram

Eosinophils: a myeloblast can give rise to eosinophils granulocyte, spends less time in circulation and against parasitic infection.

Basophils: myeloblast can also give rise to basophils granulocyte (allergic reaction) inflammation.

Monocyte:

Platlet:

Lymphocyte:

Question 3

Define anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, microcytic, macrocytic and hypochromia.

Answer 3

Anisocytosis: red cell show variation in size

Poikilocytosis: red cell show variation in shape

Microcytic: red cell smaller than normal

Macrocytic: red cell larger than normal

Hypochromia: less haemoglobin, 1/3 is paler and flatter

Question 4

Describe the different types of hyperchromic cells

Answer 4

1. Spherocytes: spherical shape, lack central pallor, loss of cell membrane, loss of cytoplasm
2. Irregularly contracted cells: irregular outline but are smaller than normal cell and have lost central pallor, usually result from oxidant change to cell membrane

Question 5

Define: target cells, ellipocytes, sickle cells, rouleaux, agglutinate, Howell-Joly body.

Answer 5

Target cell: cells with an accumulation of haemoglobin in centre of are of central pallor.

Ellipocytes: elliptical shape, they occur in hereditary elliptocyte and iron deficiency.

Sickle cell: crescent shaped

Roleaux: stacks of red cells that resemble a pile of coins result from alterations in plasma protein during infection (increase Ig)

Agglutinate: just agglutinate

Howell-Joly body: nuclear remnant in red cell

Question 6

Other definition:

Answer 6

Loads on lec slide