physiology of the articulatory system

Question 1

the sounds produced by the vocal tract as air is forced through it and begins to resonate

Answer 1

segments

Question 2

sounds differentiate into ______ and _____ as the size and shape of the cavities of the vocal tract change with the movements of the articulators

Answer 2

consonants; vowels

Question 3

which cavities can resonate?

Answer 3

any air filled cavities

Question 4

segments produced with a relatively closed vocal tract (mandible elevated)

Answer 4

consonants

Question 5

the location of the closure and the degree of closure determines in part which _______ is being produced

Answer 5

consonant

Question 6

the presence or absence of _______ during consonant articulation also helps distinguish among consonants

Answer 6

phonation

Question 7

what is the vertical axis of the consonant chart indicating?

Answer 7

degree of constriction

Question 8

what are the degrees of constriction?

Answer 8

stop
affricative
fricative
approximant

Question 9

what is the horizontal axis of the consonant chart indicating?

Answer 9

location of constriction

Question 10

what are the locations of constriction?

Answer 10

labial
lingual
glottal

Question 11

where the articulators touch or come closest to touching

Answer 11

places of articulation

Question 12

what are the place of articulation?

Answer 12

bilabial
labiovelar
labiodental
interdental
alveolar
alveopalatal
palatal
velar
uvular
pharyngeal
glottal

Question 13

place of articulation on the upper and lower lips

Answer 13

bilabial

Question 14

place of articulation on the upper and lower lips as well as tongue dorsum and velum

Answer 14

labiovelar

Question 15

place of articulation on the upper teeth and lower lip

Answer 15

labiodental

Question 16

place of articulation on the tongue tip between upper and lower teeth

Answer 16

interdental

Question 17

place of articulation on the tongue tip or blade and alveolar ridge

Answer 17

alveolar

Question 18

place of articulation on the tongue blade or front of tongue body and post-alveolar region

Answer 18

alveopalatal

Question 19

place of articulation on the center of the tongue body and hard palate

Answer 19

palatal

Question 20

place of articulation on the tongue dorsum ad anterior surface of velum

Answer 20

velar

Question 21

place of articulation on the tongue dorsum and uvula

Answer 21

uvular

Question 22

place of articulation on the tongue dorsum or root and pharyngeal wall

Answer 22

pharyngeal

Question 23

place of articulation in the deep throat next to the glottis

Answer 23

glottal

Question 24

if the nasal cavity is coupled with the oral and pharyngeal cavity the velum is ____ and the velo-pharyngeal port is ____; such consonants are _____

Answer 24

down, open, nasal

Question 25

if the nasal cavity is not coupled with the oral and pharyngeal cavity then the velum is ____ and touching the ______, and the velo-pharyngeal port is _____; such sounds are ____

Answer 25

up, pharyngeal, closed, oral

Question 26

if the tongue blade is in a normal, relatively flat shape, the sound is ______

Answer 26

central

Question 27

is the side of the tongue blade are curled down the sound is ______

Answer 27

lateral

Question 28

if the tongue tip is in a normal, relatively flat position, the sound has ______________

Answer 28

no particular term describing it

Question 29

if the tongue tip is curled up and back the sound is ___________

Answer 29

retroflex

Question 30

touching articulators

Answer 30

stops

Question 31

close enough to create noise articulators

Answer 31

fricatives

Question 32

far enough apart to produce a smooth flow of air articulators

Answer 32

approximants

Question 33

sounds that begin like a stop and end like a fricative

Answer 33

affricative

Question 34

a very brief stop made with a touch or a brush of the tongue tip or blade

Answer 34

taps and flaps

Question 35

a series of very fast stops usually used in spanish

Answer 35

trills

Question 36

segments produced with a relatively open vocal tract (mandible depressed)

Answer 36

vowels

Question 37

the size and shape of the three cavities determine which _____ is produced (position and shape)

Answer 37

vowel

Question 38

some vowels are made with a stable vocal tract shape; ____________

Answer 38

monophthongs

Question 39

some are made while the shape is changing; ____________

Answer 39

diphthongs

Question 40

vowels are usually _________

Answer 40

voiced

Question 41

the vertical side of the vowel chart is the

Answer 41

mandible height

Question 42

the horizontal side of the vowel chart is the

Answer 42

tongue position

Question 43

diphthong vowels are made using a _______

Answer 43

mobile vocal tract

Question 44

how closed is the mouth? | how high is the tongue in the mouth?

Answer 44

height

Question 45

how far forward or backward is the tongue in the mouth?

Answer 45

frontness or backness

Question 46

how are the lips shaped? unrounded spread rounded

Answer 46

lip position

Question 47

does the vowel have "r-coloring"? if so, the tongue is retroflexed, and the sound is called a rhotic

Answer 47

rhotacization

Question 48

S

Answer 48

mandible is elevated for the fricative consonant temporalis, masseter, and internal pterygoid muscles are contracted tongue is advanced in the oral cavity (genioglossus) and the tip is elevated toward the alveolar ridge (superior longitudinal tongue muscle) to produce the alveolar fricative velum is up to produce an oral sound (uvula and levator veli palatini)

Question 49

W

Answer 49

mandible is slightly depressed to produce the approximant consonant anterior belly digastric, external pterygoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid lips are rounded (orbicularis oris) and tongue dorsum is elevated and retracted toward velum (palatoglossus and styloglossus); tongue body bunches up for labio-velar sound (transverse tongue muscle) velum remains up for oral sound (uvula and levator veli palatini)

Question 50

I

Answer 50

mandible is depressed further for the high front vowel (anterior belly of digastric, external pterygoid, mylohoid, and geniohyoid) tongue is again advanced in the oral cavity to produce a front vowel (genioglossus) and the body continues elevated to produce a high vowel (palatoglossus) velum is still up (uvula and levator palatini) for the oral sound lips spread (buccinator and risorius muscle)

Question 51

M

Answer 51

mandible is elevated to produce the stop consonant (temporalis, masseter, and interal pterygoid muscles) lips are compressed for bilabial articulation (buccinator) velum is depressed for a nasal sound ( palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus)

Question 52

the unique form of oral output produced by the human vocal organs using physiological processes that evolved for the life sustaining functions of respiration and ailmentation

Answer 52

speech sounds

Question 53

the results of a cognitive process that permits us to assign meaning to these sounds and use them for communication

Answer 53

language