physiology of the phonatory system

Question 1

is there muscle in the false VFs?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

the false VFs are the _____

Answer 2

outer layers

Question 3

the true VFs are the __________

Answer 3

inner layers

Question 4

the superficial and epithelial tissue make the

Answer 4

cover layer

Question 5

the intermediate and the deep make the

Answer 5

vocal ligament

Question 6

the superficial, intermediate, and deep make the

Answer 6

lamina propia

Question 7

the vocal folds are made up of

Answer 7

5 layers with 5 tissue types

Question 8

the average female thyroid cartilage has a ________________

Answer 8

broader thyroid angle

Question 9

the broader thyroid angle causes a __________ between the adducted vocal folds

Answer 9

posterior glottal gap

Question 10

the posterior glottal gap leads to

Answer 10

breathiness

Question 11

males have a __ angle

Answer 11

smaller

Question 12

opening and closing the glottis by active muscular force

Answer 12

abduction and adduction

Question 13

adduction helps with

Answer 13

swallowing and phonating

Question 14

abduction helps with

Answer 14

breathing

Question 15

opening and closing the adducted vocal folds by aerodynamic and myoelasic forces; also determines pitch

Answer 15

vocal fold vibration

Question 16

opening and closing the glottis using the muscles of

Answer 16

adduction and abduction

Question 17

glottal friction aspiration

Answer 17

noise

Question 18

breathy , normal, creaky

Answer 18

voicing

Question 19

glottal stop

Answer 19

silence

Question 20

over adduction of the VFs can cause

Answer 20

creaky voice

Question 21

• allowing airflow and sublgottal pressure to blow the adducted vocal folds apart
• allowing elastic recoil forces and the bernouli effect to bring them back together

Answer 21

the open/close cycle of VF vibration

Question 22

what determines if the VFs are open or closed

Answer 22

arytenoids

Question 23

1st step in one cycle of phonation

Answer 23

VFs are adducted and subglottal pressure begins to build up

Question 24

2nd step in one cycle of phonation

Answer 24

subglottal pressure begins to deform the inferior surface of the VFs as pressure continues to build (like skydiving)

Question 25

3rd step in one cycle of phonation

Answer 25

- traveling surface wave in the mucosa | - the mass of high pressure air begins to develop modulations as it is affected by the motion of the mucosa

Question 26

4th step in one cycle of phonation

Answer 26

the complex wave of compressed subglottal air breaks free and begins to emerge, from between the VFs --- a glottal pulse

Question 27

5th step in one cycle of phonation

Answer 27

aerodynamic and elastic recoil forces begin to bring to VFs back together bernouli effect begins to occur

Question 28

during the bernouli effect in phonation

Answer 28

kinetic energy increases as pressure decreases

Question 29

6th step in one cycle of phonation

Answer 29

the VFs come back together beginning at the inferior surface

Question 30

7th step in one cycle of phonation

Answer 30

after a brief period of time the entire medial surface of the VFs come back together vertical phase difference

Question 31

amount of time for bottom of VFs and top of VFs to touch

Answer 31

vertical phase difference

Question 32

8th step in one cycle of phonation

Answer 32

finally the VFs close enough to once again provide a barrier to airflow and permitting subglottal pressure to being building again

Question 33

getting ready to produce voicing by adducting the VFs

Answer 33

pre-phonation

Question 34

producing voicing by allowing the adducted vocal folds to vibrate

Answer 34

attack

Question 35

the period during which the vocal folds move from an abducted position to an adducted position

Answer 35

pre phonation phase

Question 36

pre-phonation phase

Answer 36

- VFs become adducted - controlled exhalation is occurring - subglottal pressure builds up below the adducted VFs

Question 37

the period during which the VFs undergo regular cycles of aerodynamic and myoelastic vibration

Answer 37

attack phase

Question 38

- VFs are adducted - controlled exhalation - subglottal pressure begins to deform VF from below - sound wave, glottal pulse - bernoulli effect - elastic recoil forces operate to return the VFs to a non-deformed position

Answer 38

attack phase

Question 39

breathy voice normal voice creaky voice

Answer 39

medial compression

Question 40

pitch modulation | loudness modulation

Answer 40

longitudinal tension

Question 41

endoscopy stroboscopy translumination

Answer 41

measurement of laryngeal functions

Question 42

the activity of the muscles that control adduction also helps contribute to the amount of tension in the VFs

Answer 42

medical compression

Question 43

which muscles adduct the vocal folds and also help squeeze them together?

Answer 43

lateral cricoarytenoids, arytenoids, muscularis

Question 44

there is a _____ relationship between the extent of medial compression and the magnitude of the air pressure required to initiate phonation

Answer 44

direct

Question 45

the muscles that control the stretching and tensing forces applied to the vocal folds that change the pitch of the voice

Answer 45

longitudinal tension

Question 46

which muscles make the VFs longer, more tense overall, and less massive per unit of length

Answer 46

cricoidthyroid

Question 47

which muscles make the VFs more tense internally, more flaccid at the vibrating edge, shorter, and more massive per unit of length?

Answer 47

vocalis

Question 48

which two muscles must be involved to control pitch?

Answer 48

vocalis and cricoidthyroid

Question 49

our perception of the fundamental frequency of phonation which is the number of cycles of phonation per second, or hertz, the vocal folds produce when they are vibrating

Answer 49

pitch of the voice

Question 50

thicker, more flaccid folds vibrate more _________

Answer 50

slowly

Question 51

thinner more tense folds vibrate ________

Answer 51

quickly

Question 52

____ vibration is perceived as ____ pitch

Answer 52

faster; higher

Question 53

_____ vibration as _____ pitch

Answer 53

slower; lower

Question 54

mass per unit length must be decreased by a factor of ____ in order to _____ the frequency of vibration----- cricothyroid action

Answer 54

4;doubled

Question 55

habitual pitch is closer to the _____ limits of the individuals pitch range

Answer 55

lower

Question 56

to lower pitch below habitual pitch, the _____ must contract; and the lateral cricoarytenoid may help by providing needed medial compression to maintain adduction

Answer 56

vocalis

Question 57

extrinsic laryngeal muscles (___________) are also active

Answer 57

strap muscles

Question 58

the intensity of phonation is a function of the amount of subglottal pressure being produced by controlled exhalation during speech breathing

Answer 58

loudness modulation

Question 59

____ intensity is perceived as a _____ sound

Answer 59

higher; louder

Question 60

____ intensity as a _____ sound

Answer 60

lower; softer

Question 61

the sound intensity level of the voice will increase by about _____ when subglottal pressure is _____

Answer 61

8-12; doubles

Question 62

speakers can vary intensity by as much as _____ by controlling the rate of airflow

Answer 62

70 dB

Question 63

as pitch rises .....

Answer 63

subglottal pressure must rise

Question 64

speakers can produce a larger dynamic range of intensity at the ______

Answer 64

mid range of pitch

Question 65

a narrow device equipped with a light source and a small camera that can be inserted down the throat to take pictures of laryngeal function

Answer 65

endoscope

Question 66

an endoscope with a stroboscopic light source that permits the viewer to observe phonation in what appears to be slow motion

Answer 66

stroboscope

Question 67

a procedure in which a light sensor placed on the neck near the level of the glottis measure a light source that shines through the glottis during abduction and phonation

Answer 67

translumination

Question 68

for phonation to occur the muscles of _____ must operate to bring the VFs together

Answer 68

adduction

Question 69

phonation is the ____ source for speech

Answer 69

sound