Physology (M1B1) Flashcards
(18 cards)
during fetal life, the testes are stimulated by chorionic gonado- tropin from the placenta to produce moderate quantities of testosterone throughout the entire period of fetal development and for 10 or more weeks after birth; there- after, essentially no testosterone is produced during child- hood until about the ages of 10 to 13 years.
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Testosterone begins to be elaborated by the male fetal testes at about how many weeks of embryonic life?
seventh
testosterone secreted first by the genital ridges and later by the fetal testes is responsible for the development of the male body characteristics, including?
formation of a penis and a scrotum rather than formation of a clitoris and a vagina
when do the testes usually descend into the scrotum?
last 2 to 3 months of pregnancy when the testes begin secreting reasonable quantities of testosterone.
gonadotropic hormones, which stimulate the Leydig cells of the newborn child’s testes to produce?
testosterone
Effect on the Distribution of Body Hair are?
(1) over the pubis
(2) upward along the linea alba of the abdomen sometimes to the umbilicus n above
(3) on the face
(4) chest
(5) back
baldness is the result of 2 factors which are?
1) genetics
2) large quantities of androgenic hormones
When a long-sustained androgenic tumor develops in a woman who has the appropriate genetic background, she becomes bald in the same manner as does a man
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Effect of testosterone on the Voice?
causes hypertrophy of the laryngeal mucosa and enlargement of the larynx.
testosterone effects on the skin?
- increases the thickness
- secretion by the sebaceous glands of the face, which can result in acne.
Testosterone Increases Protein Formation and Muscle Development (about a 50 percent increase in muscle mass over that in the female. )
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Testosterone Increases Bone Matrix and Causes Calcium Retention.
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Testosterone has a specific effect on the pelvis which are?
(1) narrow the pelvic outlet
(2) lengthen it
(3) cause a funnel-like shape instead of the broad ovoid shape of the female pelvis
(4) greatly increase the strength of the entire pelvis for load bearing
In the absence of testosterone, the male pelvis develops into?
a pelvis that is similar to that of the female.
Testosterone Increases the Basal Metabolic Rate. increased rate of metabolism is possibly an indirect result of the effect of testosterone on protein anabolism, with the increased quantity of proteins—the enzymes especially— increasing the activities of all cells.
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Testosterone Increases Red Blood Cells.
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major share of the control of sexual functions in both the male and the female begins with secretion of?
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus
GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete two other hormones called?
(1) luteinizing hormone (LH)
(2) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
(LH is the primary stimulus for the secretion of testosterone by the testes, and FSH mainly stimulates spermatogenesis)
