PID parasit Flashcards by Daniel Nichols

Dz of a parasite is dependent on?

Location in host
- # ’s (dose) for infestations
- Host response
  ○ Immune system
  ○ Age of host

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the mouth of a flea has a? and is used for?

provoskis

sucking blood

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what is the most common dermatitis?

FAD

flea allergy dermititis

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what are There are 3 main classes of
parasites that can cause
disease in humans

helminths
ectoparasites
protozoa.

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Toxocara canis can cause __________ in humans.

Visceral Larval Migrans

or Ocular Larval Migrans

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Ancylostoma braziliense can cause __________ in humans.

Cutaneous larval migrans

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Taenia solium can cause __________ in humans when they serve as an accidental host.

Cysts in brain (neurocysticercosis)
cause epilepsy, blindness, madness
and death

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Diagnostic methods for parasitology

Host Species
Site of Infection
Size of parasite

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broad Tx and prevention of parasites

Parasiticides
• Sustainable management of the
host
• Management of the environment
• Life cycle is used to determine
treatment and prevention

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the class of Nematoda refers to

Round worms

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the class cestoda refers to

tapeworms (segmented worms)

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the class trematoda refers to

Flukes

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the phylum Anthropada refers to what classes

Insecta

Arachnida

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Subkingdom Protozoa refers to what phylums

Phylum Mastigophora

Phylum Apicomplexa

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the Phylum Nemathelminthes refers to the class of?

• Class Nematoda (Roundworms)

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Phylum Platyhelminthes refers to the classes of? and they are?

the Flatworms

Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)
Class Trematoda (Flukes)

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Nematodes characteristics

round worms
- Free-living or
parasitic
• Elongate/cylindrical
• Alimentary canal
present
• Sexes usually
separate
• Life cycle direct or
indirect

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Cestode characteristics

segmented worms
• Flat body and no alimentary canal
• Scolex (holdfast organ)
• Strobila (body) with proglottids
• Each proglottid- hermaphroditic
• Indirect life cycle
• Types of characteristic larval stages

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Trematodes charicteristics

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flukes
• Dorso-ventrally flattened
• Leaf-like
• Oral and ventral suckers
• Indirect life cycle- molluscan IH
• Usually genitally independent

Arthropods ID characteristics and examples are

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Insects • Adults: 3 pairs of legs (6 legs)
• Head, thorax, abdomen
• Antenna
• Flies (Diptera)
• Fleas (Siphonaptera)
• Lice (Phthiraptera)
• Hemiptera

Arachnids – Acari - ID characteristics are

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• Nymphs and adults:
 4 pairs of legs (8 legs)
• Larvae: 3 pairs of legs
• Body: cephalo-thorax and abdomen
• No antennae, but palps
• Ticks
• Mites

Protozoa ID characteristics are

how are they classified and what are the examples?

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Classified based on their mode of
locomotion
• Locomotion is accomplished by:
Pseudopodia
Flagella
Gliding movements
Cilia

the host that harbors adult (sexual) stage of

the parasite is.

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Definitive host —

a host that harbors larval (asexual) stage(s) of the parasite while the parasite matures is

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Intermediate host

a Paratenic host is?

a host that harbors parasite but it does not | undergo further development in this host; aka a transfer host

an animal (definitive) host that serves to maintain the parasite's life cycle in the environment

Reservoir -

an Incidental host is?

- an unusual host, unnecessary for the maintenance of the parasite in nature

Host specificity Parasites (particularly helminths) have specificity for particular definitive and Often parasite life cycles intermediate hosts. can only be completed in a particular host, Disease manifestations may be different depend upon whether an animal serves as a __________, __________ or an ____________host.

definitive, intermediate, or an incidental

Veterinary Parasitology has Three groups of eukaryotic organisms that afflict health and wellbeing of animals. they are?

— Protozoa (Protozoology): Single celled, nucleated — Helminths (Helminthology): ) — Arthropods (Entomology): arachnids and insects; ectoparasites

the phylum of helminthes can be further broken down into 3 groups of _______. each different from the other. explain.

``` Worm-like animals showing differentiation, metazoans Nematode — roundworm Cestode — tapeworm (segmented flatworms) Trematode — fluke (flatworms ```

``` Ectoparasite —Lives ____ the host and Causes __________ Endoparasite —Lives _______ the host —Causes ________ ```

on; infestations | in; infections

Common routes of parasite entry are?

``` o Ingestion: o Skin or mucosal penetration: o Transplacental (prenatal) o Arthropod bite (vector): o Sexual contact ```

Virulence is dependent upon

Infective dose and exposure volume

pathogenesis is dependent upon

``` Penetration of anatomic barriers Attachment Cell and tissue damage Loss of nutrients Disruption, evasion, and inactivation of host defenses ```

true or false Protozoa Multiply in hosts and Helminths adult worms do not multiply in the definitive host. Worms die over time, unless the host is re-exposed The severity of disease is proportional to worm load introduced into the host.

true for both

attachment of a parasite to a host can be done mechanically, molecularly or both?

both

some mechanical attachments or biting mouth parts of parasites to or into the host are the use of? name 5

``` Attachment mouthparts Oral cavity (capsule) Attachment organs Suction disk Biting mouthparts Direct penetration ```

damage to cells and tissues of the host can be done by?

mechanical damage toxic products immune pathogenic reaction

Mechanical tissue damage is done by a parasite to the host via.

Blockage of internal organs: Pressure atrophy: Migration through tissues:

Toxic Parasite Products that produce tissue damage can be categorized into 5 categories. what are they?

``` Destructive enzymes: Amoebic pore: Endotoxins: Catabolites: Toxic secretions: ```

Immune pathogenic reactions | that produce tissue damage can be categorized into 4 categories. what are they?

- Anaphylactic: Antigen + lgE, histamine - Cytotoxic: Antigen on host cells, complement or ADCC - Immune complex: Antibody complexes with extracelluar antigen -C ell mediated: Sensitized T cells kill or release cytokines

a parasite ca cause a Loss of nutrients for the host can happen because of?

- Competition with hosts for nutrients - Interference with nutrient absorption - Nutrient loss

what is Natural or innate immunity?

A defense mechanism that does not depend upon prior exposure to the invader. this is achieved via - Cytokines and cytokine receptors • Antimicrobial molecules and pattern recognition receptors - Cellular defense, phagocytosis

Acquired immunity is?

conferred by a host's specific immunity response developed as a result of a previous parasitic infection.

what is Premunition immunity?

resistance to reinfection dependent on retention of the infectious agent - malaria, toxoplasmosis

Concomitant immunity is?

immunity from 1 stage of a parasite but susceptible to other stages - the survival of some cells or organisms with the immune destruction of other cells or organisms of the same line-schistosomiasis

PID parasit Flashcards

(46 cards)