Pig nervous sytem

Question 1

What do all causes of congenital tremors lead to

Answer 1

Hypomyelinogenesis, cerebellar hypoplasia
Then get mortality due to difficulty feeding and squashing

Question 2

What is the most common infectious cause of congenital tremor

Answer 2

Atypical porcine pestivirus; exposure in utero
Must make sure breeding females are exposed BEFORE entering breeding herd

Question 3

What are congenital A1 tremors assocaited wtih

Answer 3

Classical swine fever; due to sow infection at 10-50days gestation so piglets become persistently viraemic
`

Question 4

What do piglets that survive congential tremors look like a few months later

Answer 4

Mild tremor /nystagmus only

Question 5

Genetic association of congenital tremor

Answer 5

A3 = inhertied, male sex linked, associated with landrace breed A4 = inherited in Saddlebacks

Question 6

Clinical signs, treatment and diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycaemia

Answer 6

Signs: weak, shivering pigs, tremors, ataxia, collapse, convulsions
Diagnosis = blood glucose <2.8mM

Treat with 15ml 20% glucose intraperitoneal injection

Question 7

What is more common out of salt poisoning and water deprivation

Answer 7

Water deprivation much more common

Question 8

Signs of salt poisoning/water deprivation

Answer 8

UNsettled, blidnness, ataxia, head pressing, consulions, drinking puddlings
Histology shows characteristics eosinophilic meningitis

Question 9

Why must we add water back slowly after water deprivation

Answer 9

Too fast will cause cerebral oedema

Question 10

What disease does strep suis cause in preweaning pigs and which serotype

Answer 10

Serotype 1
Ill thrift, fever, polyarthris, septicaemia, meningitis etc

Question 11

What disease does strep suis cause in weaned pigs

Answer 11

Key one = meningitis; up to a week post-stress event
= ataxia, incoordination, convulsions etc
- Found dead
- Polyarthiris and lameness
- PLeuropneumonia with fibrin and dyspnoea

Question 12

What signs cam zoonotic strep suis infection cause in humans

Answer 12

• Fever
• Deafness
• Meningitis
  etc

Question 13

Treating strep suis

Answer 13

Parenteral amoxicillin fr clinically infected and water metaphylaxis for whole group for 5 days

Question 14

Can we vaccinate for strep suis

Answer 14

No commercial vaccine
- But can do autogenous vaccines; wait until after weaning to avoid mAb interference
Get natural immunity via gilt acclimitisation

Question 15

What might be a cause of hind limb ataxia and weakness in pigs that have been tail biting

Answer 15

Pelvic abscesses

Question 16

What organisms are implicated in abscess formation in pigs

Answer 16

T pyogenes, Strep suis, S aureus, F necrophorum

Question 17

What type of pathogen causes aujesky’s disease

Answer 17

SHV1 alpha herpesvirus

Question 18

Aujeszky disease how does it work

Answer 18

Get replication in the nose causing fibrinonectrotic rhinitis + goes down to lung epithelial cells causing necrotic bronchitis and alveolitis

Get latency in trigeminal ganglion + lymph nodes

Question 19

What are the clinical signs of Aujesky’s like in different age group pigs

Answer 19

Adults mostly reproductive disease
Growers mostly respiratory disease; cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia etc
Weaners: CNS and resp
Piglets: CNS, respiratory, enteric

Question 20

What disease is the cause of mad itch in other species

Answer 20

Aujesky’s disease
- = fatal in most species but not in pigs

Question 21

Control of Aujesky’s disease

Answer 21

Notifiable with slaughter policy

Question 22

What is Teschen disease

Answer 22

Polyencephalomyelitis due to picornavirus
= notifiable but not in the UK

Question 23

What causes louping ill

Answer 23

Tick borne flavivirus of sheep; can cause encephalomyelitis with tremors etc in pigs

Question 24

What is encephalomyocarditis virus assocaited with and what disease does it cause

Answer 24

Picornavirus associated with rodents
- Causes infertility in adults and neurological sudden death signs in piglets

Question 25

How can tail bites lead to pathological fractures

Answer 25

Via vertebral abscessation which weakens bones

Question 26

What lice infects pigs; signs and treatment

Answer 26

Haematopinus suis; sucking louse Treated with avermectins Causes dermatitis, weight loss, erythema; anaemia if heavy burden

Question 27

Which mite affects pigs and what signs and treatment

Answer 27

Sarcoptes scabei - Pruritis, chronic hyperkeratosis, reduced weight gain Treat with ivermectin

Question 28

What fly causes fly worry in pigs and how do we treat

Answer 28

Stomoxys calcitrans = a biting fly Causes disturbances of sows during sickling, downgrading of carcase Treat with cyromazine for larvae and pyrethroids for adults

Question 29

When can pig pox cause issues

Answer 29

When naive breeding females infected and piglets born with congenital infection which is more severe and higher mortality

Question 30

Presentation and trasmission of pig pox

Answer 30

= suipox virs Spread b/w pigs, via lice/flies See papules that crust over in young pigs; tends to be low mortality unless congenital form

Question 31

What type of virus is Seneca Valley virus and what does it present similarly to

Answer 31

Picornavirus Presents similar to FMDV and other swine vesicular disease BUt usually subclinical

Question 32

Signs with classical swine fever

Answer 32

Skin lesions Diarrhoea Resp disease Conjunctivits Tend to see issues across the herd (vs PDNS which is low prevalence and sporadic cases)

Question 33

What bacterial infection can causes cyanosis of extremitites

Answer 33

Salmonella enterica cholerasuis

Question 34

What is the causative agent of ear tip necrosis

Answer 34

Spirochaetes --> make granuloma

Question 35

How does ear tip necrosis form

Answer 35

Build up of environmtnetal grease + intercurrent disease --> ALlows opportunistic bacterial infection with spirochaetes, staphs which form lesions and crusting skin Exacerbated by overcrowing High fat diets contribute to grease

Question 36

What bacteria is most implicated in greasy pig disease

Answer 36

Staph hyicus

Question 37

Signs in greasy pig disease

Answer 37

Crusting lesions around face, non-pruritic, dull, inappetant

Question 38

PRedisposing factors and treatment for greasy pig disease

Answer 38

PRedisposition: fighting between piglets due to low milk supply Treatment = penicillin, antiseptics topically; can reduce teeth to stop fighting

Question 39

What fungi cause ringworm in pigs and where are they from

Answer 39

T mentagrophytes from rates T verrucosum from cattle M canis from dogs

Question 40

What does ringworm look like in pigs

Answer 40

Mild 1-5cm brown skin lesions with flaking skin

Question 41

Treatment of ringworm in pigs

Answer 41

Eniconazole under cascade but needs 28day withdrawel from meat

Question 42

What is vitamin A deficiency assocaited with in pigs

Answer 42

Neurological signs

Question 43

What is panteothenic acid deficiency assocaited with

Answer 43

Lameness/posterior paralysis

Question 44

What does zinc deficiency/malabsorption present as

Answer 44

Parakeratosis - Crusting lesions of flank, belly and legs Non-pruritis Secondary infection where cracks are reduced fertility

Question 45

What can cause malabsorption of zinc

Answer 45

Excess soya Excess Ca2+ Diarrhoea

Question 46

What is tail/ear biting related to

Answer 46

Hunger

Question 47

What should we do when we see tail/ear bites

Answer 47

Introduce manipulable enrichment material Remove aggressor if early stages Isolate bitten pigs and treat with antibiotics/NSAIDs

Question 48

What are aural haematomas related to

Answer 48

HEad shaking in response to sarcoptic mange pruritis Fighting

Question 49

What signs does Teschen virus cause

Answer 49

Fever, paresis, convulsions = polio-encephalmyelitis