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Pig respiratory system Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is the typical agent that causes acute fibrinous necrotising pleuro-pneumonia

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

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2
Q

What is the typical agent that causes chronic necrotising pleuro-pneumonia

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

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3
Q

Typical agents causing embolic pneumonia (pyaemia)

A

Trueperella pyogenes
Staph aureus

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4
Q

What is the typical agent of disseminated broncho-interstitial viral pneumonia

A

Influenza

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5
Q

Typical agents causing viral interstitial pneumonia

A

PCV2
PRRSV

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6
Q

What is the causative agent of progressive atrophic rhinitis

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Toxigenic pasteurella multocida

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7
Q

What is the cause of catarrhal rhinitis

A

Influenza

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8
Q

What are the issues with selecting for good immune response genetics in pigs

A

Associated with poor growth and production

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9
Q

How does PRRSV have an immune-dysregulatory effect

A

Targets lung macrophages and kills them; this impacts both innate immunity and antigen presentation

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10
Q

What does porcine resp coronavirus cause

A

A mild cough
NB: this is a mutant from the much mores serious enteric form and gives cross protection

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11
Q

What bacteria are primary agents in pneumonia

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
B bronchiseptica

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12
Q

What kind of pathogen is P multocida

A

= opportunistic pathogen; usually a commensal
Follows primary infection with influenza/mycoplasma/PRRSV

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13
Q

Signs and pathological lesions in pneumonic pasteurellosis

A

Small number of pigs (with secondary pathogen) showing coughing, inappetance, fever, low weight gain
Can get septicaemia and die if untreated
–> = some sick pigs against background of less severe disease (with primary pathogen)

Pathologically: consolidated patches of dependent lung lobes, mucopurulent exudate in airways
Some get interstitial nephritis due to immune complex deposition in chronic cases

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14
Q

Aetiology of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

Primary pathogen that adheres to tonsils and alveolar epithelium via pili and then can move down to lungs or pass to piglets

Produces haemolysins and cytotoxins and causes destruction of macrophages

Long term tonsil carriage in subclinical infection

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15
Q

Signs and lesions in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

Rapid onset fever, severe dyspnoea, coughing, sneezing, vomiting etc
Seen in piglets post-weaning; spread from those with mAb to susceptible pigs

Lesions = haemorrhagic with fibrinous pleurisy and necrotic centres in caudal or diaphargmatic lobes

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16
Q

How does serology for actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae work

A

Detects antibody against the apxIV toxin; but doesnt tell us anything about virulence of the strain

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17
Q

Can we eradicate actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae once on a farm

A

Very hard due to long term carriage in tonsils
Could buy serologically negative replacement stock

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18
Q

Significance of mycoplasma hyopneumonia

A

COmmon and mild but economically significant due to effects on growth rate and immunsuppression caused

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19
Q

Signs of mycoplasma hyopneumonia infection+ lesions/histopath

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A

Widespread barking cough, variable growth rates in group, pigs still look bright

In 6 weeks to finishing age

Lesions = consolidation in dependent lobes; may see pneumonic pasteurellosis in top with P multocida (secondary pathogen)

Lymphocytic cuffing on histopath

20
Q

Epidemiology of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

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A

Spreads via aerosol in damp cool weather
Pigs remain carriers
Immunity short lived so same strain can recirculate on farm
Vaccination how common

21
Q

Which pathogen gives classic lymphocytic cuffing around bronchioles

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A

M hyopneumoniae

22
Q

Dealing with M hyopneumonia on a pig farm

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A

Use in feed medication during outbreak (tetracyclins, tiamulin)
Vaccinate from a week old

23
Q

What type of pathogen is Glaserella parasuis

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A

Gram -ve bacteria
Usually a secondary pathogen
Lots of serotypes; some cause systemic infections via seeding through bloodstream

24
Q

Clinical signs of glasserella parasuis

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A

Typical at weaning
Resp disease: nasal discharge and coughing
Polyserositis: arthritis, meningitis, peritonitis
Septicaemia: swelling of face/ears - dead in days

25
Necropsy findings with glaserella parasuis
Fibrinous peritonitis, fibrin on chest wall and pericardium
26
Epidemiology of glasserella parasuis
Transmission from sow to piglet at young age, then petween pigs at weaning Respiratory disease usually triggered by underlying viral infection
27
Treatment for glasserella parasuis
Parenteral antibiotics e.g penicillin for sick ones Water mediation for rest of group; tetracycline, amoxycillin
28
Which serotypes cause systemic disease in glasserella parasuis
4, 5, 7
29
What disease does bordetella bronchiseptica cause
Non-progressive atrophic rhinitis When toxigenic P multocida is involved too, get progressive atrophic rhinitis
30
Clinical signs and lesions with B bronchiseptica non-progressive atrophic rhinitis
Sneezing, coughing, mucopurulent nasal discharge, mild turbinate damage, mild snout deviation + bronchopneumonia in some cases Catarrhal rhinitis, patchy lobular broncopneumonia in some cases i.e looks similar to influenza
31
Which tissues does swine influenza infect
Just respiratory tract (unlike in other species where there is gut replication too)
32
Clinical signs with swine influenza
Sudden onset coughing in all age groups, fever and inappetance, abortion in sows Mortality rare Moves through indoor unit very quickly
33
Lesions post mortem with swine influenza
Plum coloured lesions, dependent lobe consolidation Bloody exudate in airway
34
How can pigs be a vehicle for zoonotic swine influenza
Pigs express both alpha2-3 gal and 2-6gal so they are susceptible to both avian (2-3) and human (mostly 2-6) influenza; potential for recombinatino and making new strains
35
What type of pathogen is PRRSV
= RNA virus arterivirus
36
What are the two forms of disease from PRRSV
Respiratory syndrome: contribution to multifactorial pneumonia --> blue eared pig disease in non-immune herds Reproductive disease in sows: abortion, weak piglets, mummification etc
37
Aetiology of PRRSV
Transmission mostly aerosol but could get from semen, injection, fomites etc Replicates within pulmonary alveolar macrophages, therefore killing them and causing immune dysregulatory effect Prolonged viraemia then months of tonsil carriage
38
What might be called blue eared pig disease
Porcine reproductive and respitory syndrome virus
39
Why might we get some piglets alive and some mummified in PRRSV
Due to slow spread through uterus
40
Diagnosis of PRRSV
Gold standard is PCR on blood
41
Control of PRRSV
Modified live vaccine in breeding sows to avoid number of viraemic piglets born Expose gilts to farm strains before breeding to stimulate immunity and good colostrum to piglets
42
Causative agents in catarrhal bronchopneumonia
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae mostly May have some strep, M hyorhinitis
43
What are heavy, rubbery non-collapsed lungs with oedema suggestive of
Interstitial viral pneumonia e.g from PCV2, PRRSV
44
If we see pneumonic pasteurellosis cases what might we want to review the vaccination protocol of
PRRSV Mycoplasma (because P multocida = SECONDARY pathogen)
45
Which mycoplasma is a primary agent in pneumonia
M hyopneumoniae
46
How does mycoplasma hyopneumonia have an immune-dysregulatory effect
Stops cilia beating so lose muco-ciliary escalator
47
How does PCV2 have an immune-dysregulatory effect
Reduced macrophage and lymphocyte numbers

pigs (9 decks)

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