Pigments and Minerals

Question 1

any coloring agents deposited, frequently as cytoplasmic inclusions or granules in cells and tissue

Answer 1

pigment

Question 2

material that has color and can be seen without stains, can be normal or pathological

Answer 2

pigment in tissue section

Question 3

three major groups of pigment

Answer 3

artifact, exogenous, endogenous

Question 4

deposited in the tissue as a result of chemical action during processing, most commonly resulting from fixation

Answer 4

artifact pigments

Question 5

normally lie on top of tissue, not within cells; so easily removable

Answer 5

artifact pigment

Question 6

remove mercury artifact with (2)

Answer 6

iodine and hypo

Question 7

remove formalin artifact with

Answer 7

alcoholic picric acid

Question 8

remove chrome pigments with

Answer 8

water rinse

Question 9

chrome pigments can be found in this solution

Answer 9

potassium dichromate

Question 10

formed externally then taken into the body by various routes

Answer 10

exogenous pigments

Question 11

black pigments usually seen in lungs and lymph nodes

Answer 11

anthracotic carbon pigments

Question 12

anthracotic pigments can be demonstrated by

Answer 12

silver stains

Question 13

magnesium silicate fibers found in people exposed to this

Answer 13

asbestos

Question 14

sometimes inhaled asbestos fibers become coated with iron containing protein which can be demonstrated with

Answer 14

iron stain

Question 15

tissue response of inhaled asbestos

Answer 15

mesothelioma

Question 16

found in tattooed skin or surgeon tattooing

Answer 16

tattoo pigments

Question 17

best way to see asbestos fibers

Answer 17

electron microscopy

Question 18

stain for asbestos fibers

Answer 18

prussian blue FE stain

Question 19

two types of endogenous pigments

Answer 19

hematogenous and nonhematogenous

Question 20

pigments produced within the body tissues which can be derived from blood

Answer 20

hematogenous pigments

Question 21

3 types of hematogenous pigments

Answer 21

hemoglobin, hemosiderin, bile pigments

Question 22

found pathologically in areas of hemorrhage; a conjugated protein normally in RBC

Answer 22

hemoglobin

Question 23

stains hemoglobin

Answer 23

eosin

Question 24

large amounts seen in pathologies where there is an imbalance between production and destruction of RBCs (hemochromatosis)

Answer 24

hemosiderin

Question 25

stains hemosiderin

Answer 25

prussian blue Fe stain

Question 26

any obstruction in reduction of biliverdin leading to accumulation in the blood causing yellow color in skin

Answer 26

bile pigments

Question 27

stains bile pigments

Answer 27

Halls stain

Question 28

found in cases of hepatic or extrahepatic biliary obstruction

Answer 28

bile pigments

Question 29

converts bile pigment to green biliverdin

Answer 29

Fouchet's reagent

Question 30

three types of non hematogenous pigment

Answer 30

melanin non lipid pigment, lipofuchsin, uric acid

Question 31

present normally in skin and hair, but abnormally found in melanoma

Answer 31

melanin pigment

Question 32

removed by 10% potassium permanganate followed by an oxalic acid rinse

Answer 32

melanin pigment

Question 33

wear and tear pigment collecting in heart and liver, yellowish brown pigment usually found in older people

Answer 33

lipofuchsin

Question 34

stains lipofuchsin (2)

Answer 34

oil red O or H&E

Question 35

found in gout, water soluble so use alcoholic fixative

Answer 35

uric acid crystals

Question 36

are bifringent under a polarizing microscop

Answer 36

uric acid crystals

Question 37

stains uric acid crystals

Answer 37

silver stain

Question 38

minerals commonly found (3)

Answer 38

iron, copper, calcium

Question 39

main component in bones but can be abnormally deposited in kidneys, arteries ,etc

Answer 39

calcium

Question 40

stains calcium (2)

Answer 40

von kossa (silver), alizarin red stain

Question 41

stains iron

Answer 41

prussian blue iron staiin

Question 42

found when iron storage in the body increases beyond normal limits

Answer 42

iron

Question 43

demonstrates copper deposition in Wilson's disease and chronic biliary disease

Answer 43

rhodanine