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Pigs Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What finishing weights are you aiming for in these stages of pig farming?
Weaner
Grower
Finisher

A

Weaner: 7kg
Grower: 30kg
Finisher: 130kg

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2
Q

What kind of soil do pigs need for outdoor farms?

Why are the majority (60%) of herds indoor housed?

A 
Free-draining land
(Clay-based soils turn into mud)
Need large areas of free-draining land
Lots of workers
Bad or very hot weather is challenging
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3
Q

What is a gilt?

A

A female pig that has not yet given birth

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4
Q

What are sows vaccinated for that gilts are not?

What is it commonly called?

A

Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae

Enzootic pneumonia

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5
Q

What are the main 4 diseases pigs are vaccinated against?

A
  1. Erysipelas
  2. PCV2
  3. E. coli
  4. PRRS
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6
Q

What coccidiostat is used in pigs?

A

Toltrazuril

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7
Q

What hormone is administered for milk let-down and uterus contraction in pigs?

A

Oxytocin

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8
Q

What hormone is used for induction of farrowing in pigs?

A

PGF2-alpha

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9
Q

What are two important considerations when giving synthetic progestagens to synchronise oestrus?

A

Dosing must be accurate (under-dosing is catastrophic)

Ovaries must be active

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10
Q

Why is suckling so important in sows for milk let-down?

A

Suckling has a huge positive feedback for prolactin secretion

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11
Q

What is the difference between the use of sow stalls in the UK and the Netherlands?

A

UK: ILLEGAL (only up to 24 hours post-service)
Netherlands: LEGAL
(up to 4 weeks post-farrowing)

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12
Q

What is length of standing heat directly proportional to?

A

Number of follicles (fertility)

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13
Q

What are the two events where a sow is at most risk of endometritis? Why?

A

Post-farrowing
AI
Due to cervix being open (bacteria able to enter)

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14
Q

What is carbetocin caveat?

A

Oxytocin/carbetocin overdose
Causes myometrial contraction OVER the piglets
Oxytocin lasts for 1/2 hour, carbetocin lasts for HOURS
Dead piglets!

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15
Q

What is MMA syndrome?

What is the origin?

A

Mastitis, metritis, agalactia

Managemental

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16
Q

What is “savaging” in sows post-farrowing?

Why does it occur?

A 
Overconditioned sow 
Narrowing of pelvic canal
Pain during dystocia
Associates piglets with pain from piglets
Will attack piglets
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17
Q

What is a “stillborn” piglet?

A

Fresh death

Death within 24 hours before farrowing

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18
Q

When do the majority of piglet deaths occur post-farrowing?

A

<72 hours

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19
Q

What is the purpose of a heat lamp (for piglets)?

A

Piglets move away from the sow when not suckling

In order to decrease overlays/lay-ons

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20
Q

What is the purpose of iron injections in piglets?

A

Supplement iron in indoor pigs as would naturally receive it from snuffling in the soil

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21
Q

What is the main cause of mortality in piglets with viral scour?

A

Dehydration and secondary bacterial infection

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22
Q

Which two coronaviruses cause viral piglet scour?

What do you do if you suspect one of these?

A 
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED)
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
They are notifiable "light" (the pig industry requests notification)
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23
Q

What pathogen causes a scour sometimes accompanied by vomiting?

A

PED/TGE

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24
Q

What pathogen causes a pasty yellow scour?

Study These Flashcards
A

Coccidiosis (isospora suis)

25
Which pathogen causes sudden death due to acute haemorrhagic enteritis?
Clostridium perfringens Type C
26
Which three bacterial pathogens are most commonly associated with Bacterial Meningitis in piglets?
E. coli Streptococcus suis Haemophilus parasuis
27
What is congenital tremor type A2?
Intention tremor that occurs sporadically
28
What legislation do you need in order to keep pet pigs?
Site needs to be registered with Defra -CPHH number needed
29
What is the gold standard of pig restraint? | What should you ensure whilst using it?
Snitch | Ensure it is behind the canine teeth on upper jaw only (as will pull back)
30
How much of their bodyweight do pigs drink daily?
10%
31
What is the function of wallowing?
Covering in mud to cool down as cannot sweat | Mud is better than water as protects from UV and sunburn
32
What 3 factors predisposes pet pigs to stomach ulcers?
Low level stress Intermittent feeding Large numbers of stones
33
What are Kune-Kunes and Vietnamese Pot Bellied boars prone to? How do you prevent it?
Scrotal hernias | Castration
34
What nutritional deficiencies cause parakeratosis? | How does it present?
Zinc and Vitamin B deficiencies | Thickened, chunks of skin
35
What is used to treat Erysipelas?
Penicillin | Only if treated early in the course of disease
36
What NSAID is not to be used in animals to enter the food chain? What anaesthetic?
Phenylbutazone | Ketamine
37
What could you use as sedation for a pig?
Azaperone (no analgesia, beware priapism, variable effect) | Xylazine + butorphanol analgesia, less variable effect)
38
Why is teeth reduction caused? Which teeth does it remove?
Piglets have the same teat throughout lactation Reduced mortality of piglets in commercial farms compared to the wild More survive = more competition for teats Fighting between piglets results in damage to snouts/face Infection = necrobacillosis Removal of tips of "pin teeth" (2x bottom, 2x top)
39
What is the purpose of tail docking?
Reduce the tail in order to create a sensation (exposed nerves) in the end of the tail If other piglets start nibbling on it, they will feel it and move away
40
Are piglets allowed to be castrated if they are part of an assurance scheme (e.g. Red Tractor)
No | Tend to send pigs off at a smaller weight (younger) so just before or at puberty
41
According to Red Tractor, how often must competence for euthanasia be re-evaluated?
Every 3 years | By the named person responsible for euthanasia
42
What method is captive bolt? | What must it be followed by
Stun (unconsciousness) | Pithing/bleeding
43
What are the two phases of an effective stun?
Tonic stage: immediate collapse, breathing ceases, becomes rigid, no blink reflex Clonic: muscle start to relax, involuntary kicking
44
How can you tell if an animal is recovering/a stun is becoming ineffective?
Clonic activity fades Rhythmic breathing re-starts Blink reflex returns Pain felt
45
What is the partially medicated depopulation method?
All of the immunocompetent (over 6 months of age) pigs Stay on farm Medicated for specific disease Usually for 2-6 weeks Become part of new "clean" herd Herd below 6 months of age and any piglets produced from them Separate staff and site Rear to bacon weight and slaughter Overall left with the clean breeding herd
46
Where is the best site for blood sampling?
Jugular or cranial vena cava
47
What should you do about poorer, smaller pigs? | Why?
Euthanase | As won't be able to keep up with other pigs in competition for feed/water
48
Why should you not put smaller pigs backwards (i.e. into younger, smaller groups)?
Spread of disease
49
What are 3 causes of smaller, poorer pigs?
1. Damaged gut (coccidiosis) 2. Lowered weaning weights (E. coli, rotavirus, clostridia) 3. Joint ill (reduced suckling)
50
What was zinc oxide previously used to treat? | Why is it banned?
E. coli | Evidence to show a pressure in CIA (critically important antimicrobial) resistance
51
What genus of Salmonella affects weaner pigs? | How is it spread?
S. typhimurium (zoonotic) | Vermin
52
What are two causes of bacterial meningitis?
Streptococcus suis | Haemophilus suis
53
What is oedema disease caused by? When does it often occur? Prevention?
Shigatoxin producing strains of E. coli Change of feed Vaccination (> 4 days old)
54
What causes a Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis? What is a common sign?
``` Pasteurella multocida (type D toxin producing strain) Reduced growth ```
55
What does PMWS stand for? What is it caused by? What is the main pathogenesis
Post weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome PCV2 (Porcine Circovirus type 2) Immunosuppression, leading to secondary bacterial infections
56
What causes Greasy Pig disease? What is it caused by? Treatment?
Staphylococcus hyicus Immunosuppression, fighting, high humidity Savlon skin washes and penicllin (or linomycin)
57
What two skin diseases are related to Staphylococcus spp.
``` Greasy pig (S hyicus) Ear tip necrosis ```
58
What is the main clinical finding and treatment of Sarcoptic mange?
Intense pruritus! Ivermectin Bathing to stop secondary infections
59
What is the only effective treatment of Ringworm? What is only clinical finding? Treatment?
UV light Non-pruritic spreading rings None: spontaneously resolves

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