Poultry and Waterfowl - Backyard poultry

Question 1

What are the 5 freedoms?

Answer 1

1. Freedom from hunger and thirst
2. Freedom from fear and distress
3. Freedom to express normal behaviour
4. Freedom from discomfort
5. Freedom from pain, injury and disease

Question 2

What site do you use for IM injection in poultry?

Answer 2

Pectorals

Avoid leg muscles

Question 3

What kind of swab is needed for culture and isolation of mycoplasma

Answer 3

Charcoal (black)

Question 4

What site do you use for blood sampling in poultry?

Answer 4

Wing vein

Or right jugular

Question 5

What happens to the brood patch in poultry prior to laying?

Answer 5

It loses all or part of the feathers and becomes highly vascularised
Feathers regrow in the subsequent moulting cycle

Question 6

What is one of the main indicators of skin problems in poultry?

Answer 6

Discoloured comb

Question 7

What 2 things should poultry grit contain and why?

Answer 7

Flint grit - aids mechanical digestion in gizzard

Oyster shell - calcium source

Question 8

What are the 3 notifiable diseases in poultry?

Answer 8

Avian Influenza
Newcastle Disease
Pigeon Paramyxovirus

Question 9

What is candling and why is it performed on eggs?

Answer 9

At 9-10 days of incubation.
A small bright torch is held at the broad end of the egg in a dark room.
Determines the fertility of eggs

Question 10

What are the 6 parts an egg goes through in a chicken and what do they do?

Answer 10

Infundibulum (captures ovum)
Magnum (adds albumin)
Isthmus (adds shell membranes)
Uterus (adds egg shell)
Vagina
Cloaca (expelled)

Question 11

What pathogen is usually involved in egg peritonitis?

Answer 11

E. coli

Question 12

What is “egg binding”

Answer 12

Failure to pass the egg from the shell gland to the vent

Dystocia or egg bound

Question 13

What nutritional deficiency can cause egg binding?

Answer 13

Calcium

Question 14

What causes Fowl typhoid?

Answer 14

Salmonella gallinarum

Question 15

What would you use for sedation and induction in poultry?

Answer 15

Ketamine and Isofluorane/Sevofluorane

Question 16

Name 6 infectious diseases associated with neurological signs

Answer 16

NDV
Aspergillosis
Marek's disease
AIV
Avian encephalomyelitis
Pigeon Paramyxovirus

Question 17

What causes “floppy broiler syndrome”?

Answer 17

Marek’s disease
Herpesvirus
(Can also be oncogenic - causing tumours)

Question 18

What site do you use for blood sampling in waterfowl?

Answer 18

Medial tarsal vein

Question 19

What causes “Angel wing” in waterfowl?

Answer 19

Excessive protein intake during rearing
Causes the last joint of the wing to be twisted, so the wing feathers point out laterally instead of lying against the body.

Question 20

What can a lack of vitamin D cause in poultry?

Answer 20

Rickets
Lameness, slow growth and twisted bones
Can also be cause by Ca: Phosp imbalance

Question 21

What is the dive reflex in waterfowl and how can it be prevented during induction of anaesthesia?

Answer 21

Apnea (cessation of breathing) and bradycardia

Mask down with isoflurane

Question 22

What causes Duck Viral Enteritis?
What does it need for transmission?
What type of diarrhoea does it cause?

Answer 22

Herpesvirus
Presence of water
Haemorrhagic

Question 23

What causes Duck Viral hepatitis?
What group does it commonly affect?
Is it acute or chronic?

Answer 23

Picornavirus
Ducklings (2 days - 3 weeks old)
(Adults > 7 weeks are immune)
PERACUTE (death within one hour)

Question 24

What causes orthinosis “one eyed cold” in pigeons

Answer 24

Chlamydia psittaci

Can also indicate pigeon is sitting in a draft, inadequate ventilation etc.

Question 25

What annual vaccination is required for pigeons?

Answer 25

Pigeon paramyxovirus | Required by DEFRA

Question 26

What is a pullet?

Answer 26

A hen that is under one year old and 10-17 weeks (layers) 17-26 weeks (breeders)

Question 27

What is the age defined by a chick?

Answer 27

< 2 weeks

Question 28

What causes avian encephalomyelitis?

Answer 28

Picornavirus | Same as duck viral hepatitis!

Question 29

What causes foamy faeces in poultry?

Answer 29

Brachyspira spp | Tx: Macrolides

Question 30

What causes Fowl Cholera?

Answer 30

Pasteurellosis is caused by Pasteurella multicoda

Question 31

What is egg drop syndrome/cage layer fatigue? | What causes it?

Answer 31

5-50% drop in egg production, may affect shell quality | Adenovirus

Question 32

What is significant about Pullorum disease, Fowl Typhoid and Chicken Anaemia Virus

Answer 32

Transovarian transmission | i.e. infection of the egg --> chick infected

Question 33

What is the pathogenesis of Infectious Bursal Disease? | What is the treatment?

Answer 33

Causes lesions in the bursa of Fabricius --> atrophy, loss of B lymphocytes --> immunosuppresion NO TREATMENT - only vaccination

Question 34

What is the difficulty in diagnosing coccidiosis in turkeys?

Answer 34

Eimeria spp are found commensally | Diagnosis based on lesion/oocyte count

Question 35

What is typhilitis and what causes it in turkeys?

Answer 35

``` Neutropenic enterocolitis (inflammation of the caecum) Astrovirus ```

Question 36

What does Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale cause in turkeys?

Answer 36

Lameness due to joint infection | Less respiratory signs vs chickens

Question 37

What causes Coryza?

Answer 37

Bordatellosis is caused by Bordatella avium