Pilot Study Flashcards
(11 cards)
Q: What are investigator effects? (2 marks)
When the researcher’s behaviour or characteristics influence the outcome of the research, consciously or unconsciously (1), e.g. their gender or tone of voice affects participant responses (1).
When are investigator effects most likely to occur?
During interviews or when researchers are present during questionnaire completion.
Why do investigator effects lower internal validity?
They bias participant responses, reducing the accuracy and credibility of the results.
How can investigator effects be controlled? (List methods)
• Train researchers to use a neutral tone
• Match researcher and participant gender
• Use a standardised script
• Use a double-blind design (interviewer unaware of the study’s aims)
What is a double-blind procedure?
When both the researcher and participant are unaware of the study’s true aims to prevent bias.
Example of investigator effects in a music and mood study?
: If the researcher smiles more or sounds happier with the music group, participants may report a better mood.
What is a pilot study? (2 marks)
A small-scale trial run (1) to identify and amend any issues before the full study begins (1).
What are the aims of a pilot study? (List 4)
Test standardised procedures and
design
Ensure tasks fit within the time limit
Check clarity of questions (in interviews/questionnaires)
Identify and reduce extraneous variables
Why don’t researchers analyse pilot study data?
The pilot is only for checking procedures—not for testing hypotheses or drawing conclusions.
How can a pilot study improve an observation?
It helps check if behaviour categories are clear and if observers can see all necessary actions clearly.
How can a pilot study improve a questionnaire?
It ensures that all questions are clear, understandable, and unambiguous for participants.
