enlarged prostate bladder obstruction (stricture, calculi) constipation (DO PR) infections (UTI, STI, prostatitis) trauma to pelvic, urethra or penis

how long have you been together have you had unprotected sex how many sexual partners

last 12 months where? endemic disease what? what did you do e.g. water sports, river swimming when? does time frame fit? e.g. falciparum has a long IP (hypnozoites sequestering in the liver)

SOB cough sputum (type and when?) wheeze haemoptysis pleuritic chest pain (sharp and well localised)

change in urine output or colour infectious symptoms UI obstructive symptoms uraemia symptoms

visual headache (bilateral and thunderclap) motor or sensory (muscle weakness, numbness, parasthesia LOC confusion

Bones and joint pain muscular pain trauma

haemorrhagic pancreatitis bruising of tissue surrounding umbilical region

haemorrhagic pancreatitis bruising in the flanks

Pink summary book 1/3 Flashcards by Saskia Chapman

coffee ground vomiting (haematemesis)

occurs due to coagulated blood in vomit

alcohol abuse
viral hepaittis
fatty liver
cancer of oesophagus, pancreas or stomach

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urinary retention

enlarged prostate
bladder obstruction (stricture, calculi)
constipation (DO PR)
infections (UTI, STI, prostatitis)
trauma to pelvic, urethra or penis

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neuropathic pain ‘burning pain’

morphine doesnt work

what does work?

tramadol
amitriptyline
pre-gabalin

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bristol stool chart

T1= very hard

T7= very soft

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what is used to emasure frailty

clinical frailty score

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Infectious diseases’ specific history

think about incubation period
fever? rigor?
periodicity
sexual history
IVDU? Hep B/C/ HIV
travel
occuption
hobbies/pet
prophylaxis- vaccines, antimicrobials, physical prevention

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sexual history

how long have you been together
have you had unprotected sex
how many sexual partners

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hepatitis disease

Hep B/C

foecal oral

Hep A/E

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travel history

last 12 months

where? endemic disease
what? what did you do e.g. water sports, river swimming
when? does time frame fit? e.g. falciparum has a long IP (hypnozoites sequestering in the liver)

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pets history

parots and cats (toxoplasma- cat litTer)

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Prophylaxis history

vasscines

anti-microbes- DEET for malaria

physical prevention - nets, sprays etc

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systemic/ constitutional symptoms

caused by B cells

fevers
night sweats
weight loss (change)
fatigue

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cardiovascular symptoms

chest pain
palpitations
dyspnoea
syncope
orthopnoea
peripheral oedema

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respiratory symptoms

SOB
cough
sputum (type and when?)
wheeze
haemoptysis
pleuritic chest pain (sharp and well localised)

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GU symptoms

change in urine output or colour
infectious symptoms
UI
obstructive symptoms
uraemia symptoms

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neurological

visual
headache (bilateral and thunderclap)
motor or sensory (muscle weakness, numbness, parasthesia
LOC
confusion

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MSK symptoms

Bones and joint pain
muscular pain
trauma

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dermatological symptoms

rashes and skin color change

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dermatological symptoms

rashes and skin color change

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causes of clubbing

portal hypertension

infective endocarditis

bronchiectasis

lung Ca

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DEFINE CLUBBING

Increased longitudinal and horizontal curvature of the nail and increased angle of the nail bed

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liver flap ‘asterixis’

CO2 retention

uraemia

hepatic encephalopathy

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cullens sign

haemorrhagic pancreatitis

bruising of tissue surrounding umbilical region

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Grey-turner

haemorrhagic pancreatitis

bruising in the flanks

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spider naevi

liver cirrhosis

glossitis

enlargement of tonuge * iron, B12, folate deficiency

antbiotics for osteomyelitis

rifampicin and vancomycin need to penetrate the bone

felodipine

CCB for hypertension

PRN

pro re nata "as needed'

ABG and asthma attack

if low O2 should also be low CO2 “blowing off”-→ due to hyperventilation if CO2 high pt may need intubation -→ patient too tired to breathe

montelukast

leukotrienes antagonist-→ asthma prophylaxis

outline asthma exacerbation management

1. SABA and ICS (nebulised) 2. O2 if needed 3. ipratropium bromide 4. aminophylline + magnesium sulfate

types of asthma exac

mild mod severe/life-threatening

discharge after asthma exacerbation

1. O2 stopped 2. nebuliser stopper for 24hr 3. no infection markers (CRP) 4. 75% of peak flow

opacification on CT/X-ray

tumour infection fluid

SoB treatment

oromorph (morphine)- symptomatic control - palliation

sources of potassium

orange avo strawberry grapefruit

name 2 SABAs

salbutamol terbutaline sulfate

carbocisteine

mucolytic

spiriva

triotropium bromid= LAMA

non-epileptic seizures

not caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes * low blood glucose * dissociative seizures * heart problem

CURB-65

confusion urea respiratory rate blood pressure \>65

ground glass opacification

‘hazy radiopacity, often fairly diffuse, in which the edges of pulmonary vessels may be difficult to appreciate’ * infection * chronic interstitial disease * acute alveolar disease

causes of pulmonary fibrosis (drug induced)

* amiodarone * nitrofurantoin * bleomycin

which system used to stage COPD

GOLD

venturi valves

what causes eosinophilia

condition most often indicates a **parasitic infection**, an allergic reaction, asthma or cancer

what causes low eosinophils

steroids

cough with wheeze

asthma viral induced wheeze

productive cough

LRTI

productive cough

LRTI

dry cough

allergies, TB

hoarse voice

laryngitits

hot potato bpice

peritonsillar abscess

acute stridor

croup foreign body bacterial tracheitis epiglottis

chronic stridor

laryngomalacia subglottis steroid

if suspciious of PE e.g. high D-dimers

CT PA pulmonary angiogram

controlled O2

principle of avoiding over oxygenation -→ target sats will depend on underlying resp disease e.g. 88-92% for COPD

when to do ABG

sats \<94%

normal breath sounds

vesicular

bronchial breathing

harsh-sounding pause between inspiration and expiration →CONSOLIDATION e.g. pneumonia

quiet breath sounds

reduced air entry into that region of lung e.g. pleural effusion or pneumothorax *REDUCED AIR SOUNDS rather than reduced air entry*

added sounds

wheeze stridor coarse crackles fine end- inspiratory crackles respiratory illness

wheeze

continuous, coarse, whistling * asthma * bronchiectasis

stridor

high-pitched noise breathing in (narrowe airway) * foreign body (acute) * subglottic stenosis

coarse crackles

discontinuous, brief, popping sounds * pneumonia * bronchiectasis * pulmonary oedema

fine end-inspiratory crackles

VELCRO pulmonary fibrosis

obstructive resp illness

COPD (chronic bronchitis and emphysema) and asthma \<70% FEV1/FVC ratio

restrictive resp illness

ILD and scoliosis

types of ILD

* **_Exposure_** * drugs e.g. bleomycin * environment e.g. dust * **_Autoimmune related_** * RA * SLE * **_Idiopathic_** * idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Pink summary book 1/3 Flashcards

(70 cards)