pink to orange sheet battles

Question 1

when was the first battle of st albans?

Answer 1

may 1455

Question 2

who won at the first battle of st albans?

Answer 2

yorkists

Question 3

outcomes of first battle of st albans

Answer 3

somerset died =enabled yorkist 2nd protecterate

started blood feuds e.g. henry percy/clifford

taboos henry was injured + first open battle attack against royal forces

Question 4

what did somerset’s death at st albans mean?

Answer 4

allowed 2nd protecterate

Question 5

what were started at the first attle of st albans?

Answer 5

blood feuds e.g clifford and percy

Question 6

what taboos were committed at the first battle of st albans and what were the consequences of this?

Answer 6

king was injured + first open battle against royal force

damaged yorkist reputation + lack of trust from nobility and civilians during 2nd protecterate

Question 7

when was the battle of blore heath?

Answer 7

september 1459

Question 8

why did blore heath happen?

Answer 8

yorkist attempt to meet at ludlow after the preemptive judgments made at the coventry council- margaret urged an assembly of army under james touchet + audley (had been members of princes council + received livery badges)

Question 9

who led blore heath for yorkists?

Answer 9

salisbury

Question 10

what happened at blore heath

Answer 10

expected lord stanley’s reinforcements- procastinated arrival which led to margaret’s missed opporuntities for attack

thomas and john neville capt (sal’s sons)

Question 11

who won at the battle of blore heath?

Answer 11

yorkists led by salisbury

Question 12

what happened at blore heath?

Answer 12

margaret sent forces = dissuade threat of yorkist army to princes council as they were near wales

Question 13

what were the outcomes of blore heath?

Answer 13

lord audley killed
actions of salisbury are referenced at the POD

worsened yorkist reputation overall

Question 14

When was the battle of ludford bridge?

Answer 14

october 1459

Question 15

who won at ludford? (technically?)

Answer 15

lancastrians- yorkist fled

Question 16

what happened that worsened yorkist reputation at ludford?

Answer 16

had repeatedly denied pardons - led to calais garrison defecting overnight as they refused to go against king + incl andrew trollope

yorkists fled- emph their treachery
ROY+ Rutland - ireland
edward of march + warwick + salisbury - calais

Question 17

what was the outcome of ludford?

Answer 17

november 1459 - 27 yorkist lords were attainted

Question 18

when was the battle of northampton?

Answer 18

july 1460- after arrival of calais lords at sandwich

Question 19

what happened at the battle of northampton?

Answer 19

lord grey had aided the calais lords - later held up warwicl’s flags after helping him over barriers

rain had ruined and flooded the lanc camp and gunpowder

popularity of warwick in the south + influence aided victory

Question 20

what was the outcome at battle of northampton?

Answer 20

calais lords - warwick and salisbury

shrewsbury, egremont and buckingham died

captured henry

Question 21

when was wakefield?

Answer 21

december 1460

Question 22

what happened at wakefield

Answer 22

Margaret rallied northern forces against york and marched south from lincluden

ambushed ROY + hid in forests around sandal castle

Question 23

who won at wakefield

Answer 23

lancastrians

Question 24

what was the outcome of wakefield

Answer 24

ROY killed + buckingham
act of accord broken+ edward moved to gain throne

Question 25

when was mortimer's cross

Answer 25

february 1461

Question 26

who won at mortimer's cross

Answer 26

yorkists

Question 27

what happened at mortimer's cross?

Answer 27

edward made a significant and strong leadership appearance- motivated men with the appearance of sundog- sign from god

Question 28

what was the outcome of mortimer's cross?

Answer 28

stopped jasper tudor's reinforcements from reaching margaret- owen tudor later executed = more blood feuds owen tudor executed

Question 29

when was the second battle of st albans

Answer 29

feb 1461

Question 30

who won at the second battle of st albans?

Answer 30

lancastrians

Question 31

what were the outcomes of the second battle of st albans

Answer 31

lancs regained possession of henry which meant the yorkists lost claim to rule the gov bonville and kyrell killed- had been guarding henry for the yorkists when lancs went to london = barred entry

Question 32

when was the battle of towton

Answer 32

march 1461

Question 33

who won at towton

Answer 33

yorkists

Question 34

what happened at towton?

Answer 34

3/4 nobility involved in fighting yorkist successes: mowbray late arrival saved edward- battle had been indecisive and had made a surprise hidden attack, fauconberg's role on vanguard and edward keeping the left flank tg and killing his horse to demonstrate personal bravery wind and snow hindered lancs - yorkists fired arrows back + failed to retreat safely across cock beck

Question 35

what were the outcomes at towton?

Answer 35

clifford killed at ferrybridge day before roos+ andrew trollope killed + many lancs fled from york to scotland including margaret

Question 36

why did ROY fail at wakefield?

Answer 36

had chosen to attack instead of siege

Question 37

why did ROY choose to attack at wakefield

Answer 37

deception of lord audley- direct attack had been advised by ghim john neville rabys had presented false colours which indicated warwick's reinforcement arrival lancs had spent 3 days sending insulting messages york had allegedly made truce with som over xmas - lancs were not interested in honouring it

Question 38

how did edward demonstrate his skills at northampton

Answer 38

took advantage of flooding in lanc trenches to enter the camp + attack

Question 39

what happened at the second battle of st albans

Answer 39

3 battles led by montagu, warwick and norfolk forces remained uncoordinated - warwick couldn't extricate men from forces = staggered + yorkist cannons didn't work henry lovelace defection = loss kentish contignent - had been promised earl of kent for betraying warwick

Question 40

what happened at the first battle of st albans?

Answer 40

lancs had expected a peaceful negotiation for attack -york decided immediate attack - surprised james butler warwick had led reaguard behind back lanes + garden - lancs forces of henry surprised + unprepared (outflanked)

Question 41

background to ludford

Answer 41

yorkist lords gathered forces - warwick- calais, york- welsh, sal - yorkshire planned to meet in worcester