PIONEERS OF RADIOLOGY Flashcards
(26 cards)
Explained the reaction of solids when they are placed in liquids.
ARCHEMEDES
- Described materials as being composed of ultimate particles.
- Formulated the first atomic theory.
- Considered to be the ‘Father of Modern Science’
- Claimed that everything is made up of atoms.
DEMOCRITOS
- Discovered some of the effects of electricity.
- 3 Specific aspects of physical science helped pave the way for the discovery of x-ray:
1. ELECTRICITY
2. VACUUMS
3. IMAGE-RECORDING MATERIALS
THALES
Produced the first recognized vacuum when he invented a BAROMETER in 1979.
EVANGELISTA TORICELLI
- Invented an air pump that was capable of removing air from a vessel or tube in 1946.
- This experiment was repeated by Robert Boyle in 1659 and Herman Sprengel in 1865
OTTO VAN GUERICKE
- Studied electricity and magnetism.
- He was also noted for inventing a primitive electroscope.
WILLIAM GILBERT OF ENGLAND
His experiments with electricity earned him a place among the serious investigators.
ROBERT BOYLE
Built and improve the static generator.
ISAAC NEWTON
- Working with glass silk and paper and distinguishes two different kind of electricity.
- The reason there is Pyrex
CHARLES DUFAY
- Made a significant improvement in the electroscope, a vessel for discharging electricity under vacuum conditions.
- The electroscope was a forerunner of the x-ray tube itself.
ABBE JEAN ANTOINE NOLLET
Conducted many electrical experiments and should be mentioned in any discussion of the pioneers of electricity.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
- Demonstrated a current of electricity by transmitting electricity from a ‘LEYDEN JAR’ through wires and a vacuum tube.
- ‘Leyden Jar’ a simple device that ‘stores’ static electricity in large amounts. It was the original form of the ‘CAPACITOR’ ; Ben Franklin perform many electrical experiments using these devices.
WILLIAM WATSON
Noticed the difference in color of partially evacuated tubes. He noted that when a tube cracked and some air leaked in, the amount of air in the tube determined the coloration.
WILLIAM MORGAN
- Produced and patented roll-paper film.
- With this significant improvement of image-recording material and the cathode ray tube, the basis for modern-day radiography was established.
GEORGE EASTMAN
Discovered X-rays on November 8, 1895
WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN
Produced the first known radiograph in the United States on January 2, 1986
MICHAEL IDVORSKY PUPIN
- Primary concerns was working with Fluoroscopy.
- After he and his staff performed numerous experiments they did discovered the use of calcium tungstate.
- One of Edison’s assistant, Claronce Madison Dally, suffered radiation damage as a result of his work.
THOMAS ALVA EDISON
- Noticed that radium killed diseased cells, which was the first suggestion of the medical utility of radioactivity.
- 1880, Pierre and his older brother Jacques (1856-1941) demonstrated the piezoelectric effect.
PIERRE CURIE
Induced an electric current by moving a magnetic in and out of a coil in 1891. From this experiment electromagnetic induction was discovered.
MICHEAL FARADAY
Made the most significant improvement on induction coils.
HEINRICH DANIEL RUHMKORFF OF PARIS
Conducted several experiments with cathode rays, streams of electrons emitted from the surface of a cathode.
JOHAN WILHELM HITTORF
Furthered study the cathode rays and demonstrated that matter was emitted from the cathode with enough energy to rotate a wheel placed within a tube.
WILLIAM CROOKES
- Found that cathode rays could penetrate thin metal and would project a few centimeters into air.
- Also studied the deflection of rays as a result of magnetic field.
- Did tremendous amount of research with cathode rays determined their energies by measuring the amount of penetration.
PHILIPP LENARD
- Produced radiograph in 1890
- His achievement was recognized only in retrospect and after the discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.
- He wasn’t credited with the discovery of x-rays.
WILLIAM GOODSPEED
