piracy & maritime private security Flashcards
pirates before modernity
- norm is war
- unless there’s a safe conduct foreigners can be treated with discretion
pirates before modernity- during peace
kings viewed piracy as a lucrative activity- that can strengthen their wealth. they made treaties of non-piracy (showing that pirates were recognized)
pirates before modernity- during war
they become official parts of the bacy and became “privateers”
early formation and monopolization of violence
a. early 17th century: the alliance against turkish coursairs- european powers destroyed turkey’s pirates (first way of tackling with problem)
b. marginalization of piracy in the 17th century- unwanted members of humanity - because while businesses were rising, pirates were distracting from the lucrative trade
c. mid 19th century: the slow elimination of piracy- they were used in south american independence and US revolutionary war
- declaration of paris
- steam boats were expensive and pirates didn’t have money
declaration of paris (1856)
formally abolished privatering
definition of piracy
any illegal activity committed for private ends by a ship or aircraft outside the jurisdiction of any state.
main hotspots of piracy
carribean, colombia, singapore-indo, gulf aden and guinea
factors of resurgence
- globalization - international exchange of goods and marginalization of the periphery
- change in maritime businesses- ships are larger and have less crew
- diffusion of small arms is easier
- environmental conditions are getting worse
- breakdown of governance- the fact that many of these states which pirates operate from aren’t functional
challenges of piracy
economic costs- armed guards, increased speeds
trade relations- you stop shipping there bc there are pirates
geopolitical challenge- between struggling country and trading country
reinforcing sovereignty - intl response
capacity building in somalia and kenya- making sure they can tackle it on their own
reinforcing neo-imperialism - intl response
international missions can undermine sovereignty. “we can’t trust the sovereignty of the state to be meaningful” so we create intl missions that will undermine it. - EU navfor, SHADE, CMF
are private military companies modern privateers?
if a company kills in somalia is it a crime? they are prone to use force and undermine the monopolization of violence which was the basis of piracy.
why did pmc’s rise?
they are less costly than changing routes
global prohibition regimes- nadelmann was written when “….” was mainstream
constructivism, in the 90s
global prohibition regimes- nadelmann objectives
interested in norms that prohibit both in intl law and domestic law. why did certain norms evolve into prohibition regimes?
