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AVIA 204 - FM2B > Piston Engines > Flashcards

Piston Engines Flashcards

1
Q

Radial Engines

A
  • Circular
  • Cylinders arranged around the crank case
  • Odd number of cylinders (Usually 9 max)
  • Odd so that no cylinder fires twice in a row
  • Good cooling, relatively good power
  • Easy to maintain
  • Poor forward visibility and excessive drag
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2
Q

In-Line Engines

A
  • Cylinders side by side in a row
  • Usually a maximum of 6 due to vibration
  • Engine may be inverted for better visibility
  • Greatest weight to horsepower ratio
  • Less drag and better visibility
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2
Q

Horizontally Opposed Engines

A
  • Most common in small aircraft
  • 2 rows of cylinders arranged horizontally
  • Even number of cylinders
  • Small frontal area
  • Less drag
  • Automatic system if air intake gets blocked, uses unfiltered air already inside the cowling
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3
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Intake Valve

A

Provides fuel-air mixture to cylinder

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4
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Exhaust Valve

A
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5
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Spark Plugs

A
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6
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Cylinder

A
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7
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Piston

A
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8
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Combustion Chamber

A
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9
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Crankshaft

A
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10
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Connecting Rod

A
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11
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Piston Pin

A
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12
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Piston Rings

A
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13
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Cylinder Flange

A
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14
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Camshaft

A

Opens and closes intake and exhaust valves

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15
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Valve Lifter

A
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16
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Push Rod

A
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17
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Rocker Arm

A
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18
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Crankcase

A

Where crankshaft is located

19
Q

Four Stroke Cycle

A
  • Intake
  • Compression
  • Ignition
  • Exhaust
20
Q

Compression Ratio

A

Volume of the cylinder above the piston at the bottom of the compression stroke compared to the top of the compression stroke

21
Q

Power Calculation (BHP)

A

BHP = PLAN / 33000
- P = Mean pressure in PSI
- L = Length of stroke in feet
- A = Area of piston in square inches
- N = Number of impulses per minute

22
Q

Engine Timing

A
  • Timing of opening or closing of the intake and exhaust valves and the ignition of the fuel/air mixture
  • Can lead to better performance is valves open early or close late so there is no waste
  • Valve lead, valve lag, valve overlap
23
Q

Two Stroke Cycle

A
  • One rotation of the crankshaft
  • Intake and compression stroke, then ignition and exhaust stroke
24
Engine Cooling
- Air Cooling (Fins and Cowl Flaps) - Liquid Cooled (Coolant)
25
4 Functions of Oil
- Cooling - Sealing - Lubrication - Flushing
26
Requirements of Oil
- Proper Viscosity (Resistance to flow) - High flash point (Ignition point) - Low carbon content (deposits) - Low Pour Point (Freezing point
27
Types of Oil - Mineral Oil
- No additives - Used to break-in engine - Granular
28
Types of Oil - Ashless Dispersant
- Contains Dispersants - Suspends Contaminants such as carbon and lead
29
Additives - Detergents
Cleans inside of engine
30
Additives - Oxidation Inhibitors
Improves oil stability
31
Additives - Anticorrosion Additives
Deter Corrosion
32
Additives - Pour Point Depressants
Lowers pour point temperature
33
Methods of Lubrication - Splash Oil
- Oil contained in sump or reservoir - Revolving crankshaft splashed down into oil - Droplets spray over various engine parts - Cheap, simple, effective, lightweight - No aerobatics
34
Methods of Lubrication - Force Feed (Dry Sump)
- Oil forced under pressure from a pump through the hollow crankshaft - Oil exits crankshaft through tiny holes directed at critical parts - Oil contained in a seperate tank - Oil drained from pump through a scavenging pump - Oil goes through a cooler and then back into tank
35
Methods of Lubrication - Forced Feed (Wet Sump)
- Oil forced under pressure from a pump through the hollow crankshaft - Oil exits crankshaft through tiny holes directed at critical parts - Oil contained in a pan (sump) under crankcase - Pumped to crankshaft, pushrods, bearings, etc. - Some parts splashed lubricated as well - Oil then drains back into sump - Oil cooler may be installed in return line
36
Venting
- Allows changes in pressure within the tank - Temperature changes cause density changes - Can be in the cap of oil tank
37
Filters
- Have bypass valves in case of clogging - Dirty oil is better then no oil
38
Pumps
Also have bypass valves to allow oil to return to tank if excessive pressure
39
Oil Cooler
Same as a radiator, heat dissipated into the air
40
Octane
- Ignition Inhibitor - Used to prevent detonation of fuel and promote smooth controlled burning of the mixture - Type determined by compression ratio of engine
41
Heptane
Ignition Promoter
42
Fuel Grades
- IE 80/87 - 80% Octane at Lean mixture - 87% Octane at Rich mixture - Above 100 expressed as performance number - Always use higher fuel grade
43
Anti-Icing Additives
Prevents formation of ice crystals which may clog filters
44
Lead Scavenging Additives
Helps reduce plug fouling due to lead and carbon deposits
45
Turbocharger
- Fools the engine into thinking it is working at sea level - Uses the energy of the hot exhaust gases to power a compressor - Boosts intake air pressure
46
Supercharger
- Fools the engine into thinking it is working at sea level - Uses rotational energy of the crankshaft to power a compressor - Boosts fuel/air mixture pressure

AVIA 204 - FM2B (10 decks)

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