PK and 2nd Substrate lvl +P

Question 1

What did 1st lvl phosphorylation

Answer 1

PGK

Question 2

How does this step make ATP?

Answer 2

couples the hydrolysis of PEP to make atp.

Question 3

first step

Answer 3

b-phosphate oxygen attacks pep’s phosphate. Which makes this SN2-like.

Enolpyruvate to pyruvate is an acid catalyzed tautomerization, which is the driving force for this reaction.

Question 4

Step 2

Answer 4

Proton
Serine and threonine, between these two, water moelcule is held by a hydrogen bonds, threonine is also hydrogen bonding to the substrate.

This is going to provide the proton to convert enolpyruvate to pyruvate. This proton will added to the Si face of the enolpyruvates double bond system.

Once the proton is lost from serine, it becomes a hydroxide and the proton must be replenished. This is done through H+ relay (also known as proton hopping). New proton will be used to in the next formation of pyruvate.

Question 5

Why need 2 Mg2+?

Answer 5

Mg2+ is acting as a charge shielf/soak through electrostatic catalysis.

Also acting to hold the bond in PEP/enolpyruvate to hold the molecule in the correct orientation.