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Science Final > Planet Earth > Flashcards

Planet Earth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 ways to identify a Mineral

A 
Lustre
Colour
Streak
Cleavage
Fracture
Transparency
Hardness
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2
Q

Identify each 7 ways

A

Lustre is if the mineral is shiny or dull
Colour is the colour of it
Streak is to rub it against the streak plate and see what colour shows up
Cleavage is if it breaks smooth
Fracture is if it breaks jagged and rough
Transparency is if it is clear or not
Hardness is how hard the mineral is

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3
Q

3 types of rocks

A

Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary

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4
Q

What is an Igenous rock

A

It is a rock that is cooled magma

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5
Q

What is a metamorphic rock

A

a rock that was compressed to turning into a flat rock and you can see each of its layers

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6
Q

What is a sedimentary rock

A

a rock that was in the Earth and was mixed with sediment in the Earth

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7
Q

What is Humus

A

Humus is decaying matter mixed with nutrient under ground

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8
Q

What is erosion

A

The movement of a rock from one place to another

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9
Q

What is weathering

A

breaking down and wears away rocks

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10
Q

3 types of weathering

A

Chemical
Biological
Mechanical

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11
Q

What is mechanical weathering

A

the physical break up or disintegration of rocks
Four ways
a) gravity causes the rock to fall and break apart
b) fast moving stream water causing smoothing
c) temp. changes – freezing/ thawing causes cracks
the water in the cracks freezes, then the crack enlarges
called Frost Wedging
d) wind and water wear away surfaces of the rock

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12
Q

What is Chemical Weathering

A

breaks down minerals through chemical reactions
Rocks react with water and gasses in the air
Ex. Acid rain reacts with limestone

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13
Q

What is biological weathering

A

it is the break down caused by plants, animals, bacteria and fungi
***** Biological weathering can be either mechanical or chemical
Ex. Mechanical – roots wedges into a rock crack
Chemical – acidic fluids produced by plant roots, bacteria, fungi, insects and small animals cause
chemical reactions that causes a rock to slowly dissolve

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14
Q

4 Layers of the Earth

A

Crust
Mantle
Inner Core
Outer Core

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15
Q

What is Continental Drift

A

Over millions of years the continents drifted away from each other.

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16
Q

3 pieces of evidence of Continental Drift

A
  1. Found different fossils in different parts of the Earth
  2. The rocks show that they used to be connected
  3. There are the same plant all over the world
17
Q

What is the theory of tectonic plates

A

The plates are always moving on the Earth’s matle

18
Q

What do Scientists use to measure Earth Quakes

A

Seismograph

19
Q

What are Aftershocks

A

Small Earth Quakes that happen after the major big one.

20
Q

3 types of Earth Quake waves

A

Primary Waves - fastest and can push through solid, liquid, and gas
Secondary Waves - travel more slowly and can only pass through solid
Surface Waves - Slowest of all but do the most damage

21
Q

3 types of faults

A

Regular Fault - pulling the rocks apart
Reverse Fault - squeezing the rocks to where they crack and break
Strike slip Fault - Shearing which causes the edges to break off

22
Q

Other things caused by an earthquake

A

Tsunami

avalanche

23
Q

What is a volcano

A

An opening in the Earth’s crust that allows magma to escape

24
Q

What is a volcano called when its not in use

A

Dormant

25
Q

What are mountains

A

When tectonic plates are pushed together it causes them to create a peak ( mountain )

26
Q

What are the 3 ways a mountain is formed

A

Thrust Faulting - a regular mountain
Folding - the mountain has waves
Complex - when the mountain is created using a mix of Thrust faulting and folding

27
Q

How to tell a mountains age

A

If the peaks on the mountain are round and dull it is old

If the peaks on the mountain are sharp and pointy it is young

28
Q

5 types of Fossils

A

Petrified - preserved using silica
Carbonaceous film - a thin film covers the entire fossil
Original Remains - preserved in tar, amber, or peat bogs
Trace Fossils - foot prints saved
Mould and Cast - The animal has a cast of mould of it saved and preserved

29
Q

What was the super continent called

A

Pangea

30
Q

Are fossil Fuels renewable

A

No they can run out

31
Q

What is petroleum

A

naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons, such as

bitumen, coal, oil and gas

32
Q

What is Bitumen

A

a heavy almost solid form of Petroleum

Science Final (4 decks)

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