Plant And Animal Breeding 2 Flashcards
(48 cards)
Genetic Information
Information carried on genes in the form of DNA code.
Gene
A sequence of DNA that codes for proteins.
Gamete
A sex cell (e.g. sperm, egg, pollen)
Fertilisation
Fusion of a male gamete nucleus with a female gamete nucleus.
Diploid
Cells containing two sets of chromosomes- one from each parent- such as most body cells.
Haploid
Cells contains one set of chromosomes- such as sex cells.
Variations
Differences between individuals with a species.
Species
A group of individuals which can breed together to produce fertile offspring.
Discrete
Type of variation which can divide members of a species into two or more groups.
Continuous
Type of variation which doesn’t fit into groups, but varies in a continuous fashion from one extreme to the other.
Phenotype
The appearance/ features shown by an organism as a result of its genetic information.
Genotype
The genetic information an organism has for a particular characteristic, dictates the phenotype. Usually written as capital or lowercase letters.
Genetics
The study of inheritance.
P
Symbol for the parental generation in a cross.
F1
Symbol for the first generation produced from parents in a genetic cross.
F2
Symbol for the second generation produced by crossing members of the F1.
Alleles
Different versions of a gene.
Dominant
Describes an allele which can mask/ hide another (recessive) characteristic. The effect of this allele is always shown in the phenotype.
Recessive
An allele which can be masked by a dominant one. The effect of this allele is only seen when the cell does not have a dominant allele.
Homozygous
Genotype with two of the same allele.
Heterozygous
Genotype with two different alleles.
Polygenic Inheritance
Inheritance involving several genes.
Punnet Square
Small table used to work out the results of a genetic cross.
Carrier
An individual carrying a version of a gene which (together with another of the same from another individual) which can cause a condition in the offspring.
