Plant and human body tissues Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the level of organization?
The level of organization goes something like this: Atoms Molecules Organelle Cells Tissues Organs Organs system Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere
Plant tissues. What are the types of plant tissues? What are their functions?
Plant tissues fall into one of these two types of tissues: meristematic and permanent (non-meristematic) tissue. Cells of meristematic tissues are found in meristems which are regions of continues growth. They continue to divide and contribute to the growth of the plant. Permanent tissues contain plant cells that are no longer actively dividing.
PLANT TISSUES
Meristematic tissues. What are the 3 types?
Meristematic tissues consist of three types, based on the location in the plant. Apical meristems are located at the tips of stem and roots, which enable the plant to extend in length. Lateral meristems add to growth in thickness or girth in maturing the plant. Intercalary meristems are only found in monocots at the base of leaf blades and nodes. These tissues enable the monocot leaf base to extend in length
PLANT TISSUES
Meristematic tissues. What are secondary or specialized tissues?
Meristems produce cells that specialize and become permanent tissues. Such cells take on specific roles and lose their ability to divide further. They differentiate into 3 main types: Dermal, vascular, and ground tissue. Dermal tissue covers and protects the plant and ground tissue serves as a site for photosynthesis which makes sugars which are then taken by the vascular tissue to transport to parts of the plant.
PLANT TISSUES
Meristematic tissues. What are vascular tissues?
Vascular tissue is a complex tissue. It is made of two specialized conducting tissues: xylem and phloem. Xylem tissue transports water to parts of the plant and can move only one way up the plant. The Xylem tissue can be divided into three separate tissue: Vessel elements, tracheids and xylem parenchyma. Phloem which takes organic matter and sugars and transports it to different part of the plant. The phloem tissue is made of four parts: companion cells, phloem fibres, phloem parenchyma and sieve cells.
Xylem and phloem cells always lie adjacent to each other. This structure is called the vascular bundle; in roots it is called the vascular cylinder.
What are the four main tissues in the human body?
The four main tissues in the human body are: Epithelium tissue Nervous tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue
HUMAN BODY TISSUES
What are the function, characteristics and classification of the Epithelium tissue
The Epithelium tissue does the following jobs. It protects us from the outside world (skin), Absorbs -stomach and intestinal lining (gut), Filters (the kidney), Secretes (forms glands)
Closely attached to each other forming a protective barrier. Always has one free surface open to outside the body or inside an internal organ. Always had one fixed section attached to underlying connective tissue.
It has no blood vessels but can soak up nutrients from blood vessels in connective tissue underneath. Can have lots of nerves in it. Very good at regenerating (fixing itself).
The Epithelium tissue can be classified in these 2 ways By shape - squamous (flat and scale-like), cuboidal (as tall as they are wide), columnar (tall, column-shaped).
By cell arrangement - simple epithelium (single layer of cells usually for absorption and filtration), stratified epithelium - (stacked up call layers for protection from abrasion - mouth, skin.)
HUMAN BODY TISSUES
What are the function and types of connective tissues.
These are the function of the connective tissue: Wraps around and cushions and protects organs, Stores nutrients, Internal support for organs, As tendon and ligaments protects joints and attached muscles to bone and each other, runs through organ capsules and in deep layers of skin giving strength.
These are the elements of the connective tissue -
Ground substance (gel around cells and fibres), Fibres (provide strength, elasticity and support), Cells.
The 2 kinds are: Loose Connective Tissue in which there are Areolar Connective Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Reticular Connective Tissue. Dens connective tissue in which there are Dense Regular Connective Tissue and Dense Irregular Connective Tissue.
HUMAN BODY TISSUES
What is the nervous tissue? What are its functions? What are its elements?
The function of the nervous tissue is to conduct impulses to and from body organs via neurons
The 3 Elements of Nervous Tissue are - Brain, Spinal cord and Nerves
HUMAN BODY TISSUES
What is the Muscular tissue? What are its functions? What are the types?
The functions of the muscular tissue are to move the body, Move blood, food, waste through the body’s organs, and it is responsible for mechanical digestion. The 3 types of muscular tissues are Smooth Muscle (organ walls and blood vessel walls, involuntary, spindle-shaped cells for pushing things through organs), Skeletal Muscle (large body muscles, voluntary, striated muscle packed in bundles and attached to bones for movement), Cardiac Muscle (heart wall, involuntary, striated muscle with intercalated discs connecting cells for synchronized contractions during heart beat.)
