Plant Cell basic biology

Question 1

1. What are 3 characteristics of the Cell wall? 2. What is its structure (4 things)?

Answer 1

1. Defines cell shape
2. Non-living
3. permeable

Structure: Mesh like made of cellulose (glucose polymer forms microfibrils) hemicellulose lignin (glucose polymer adds strength) Glycoproteins (sugar proteins, many synthed in golgi bodies)

1 Thin 1 2 2 13 3 pectin layer

Question 2

What is the plasma membranes structure and 3 function? What are the 4 roles of its embedded proteins?

Answer 2

structure Phospholipid bilayer with embedded protein flexible and living
Function 1. holds in cytoplasm 2. turgor 3. embedded proteins a. selective transport of ions b. recognize other cells c. recognize pathogens d. some produce cellulose microfibrils for cell wall

Question 3

What is the structure and function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 3

Structure: a network of microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments

Function: controls the movement of vesicles, guides the movement of organelles and RNA and facilitates the ion exchange by creating flow

Question 4

What is the structure and funtion of the vacuole?

Answer 4

Structure: phospholipid bilayer fluid is called cell sap takes up a large portion of the cell

Function: contains dissolved salts, wastes, toxins and water soluble pigments also maintains turgor pressure

Question 5

What is the nucleus? What are its 2 parts and their structure and function?

Answer 5

The nucleus is the site of cell division, DNA stored here phospolipid bilayer
Nuclear membrane: porous, embedded proteins transport proteins in and RNA out
Nucleolus:membrane embedded with RNA, makes ribosomes, site of transcription


Question 6

What is the stricture and function of ribosomes?

Answer 6

Structure: composed of proteins and RNA

Function: site of translation (RNA polymerase) site of protein synthesis link amino acids together

Question 7

What is the structure and function pf the Rough ER

Answer 7

Structure: close to nucleus has embedded ribosomes (site of protein synthesis)

Function:synthesis secretion and storage of proteins

Question 8

What is the sturcture and function of the golgi body? Aka dictyosomes

Answer 8

Structure: phospolipid membrane attached to ER by microtubules manufacturing and distribution

Function: modify and assemble complex carbs and proteins from ER puts them in vesicles or sacs and sends them where needed via motor proteins and microtubules

Question 9

What is the structure and function of smooth ER?

Answer 9

Structure: smooth no ribosomes

Functions:
Lipid secretion carb and protein modifier

Question 10

What is the structure and function of the mitochodria?

Answer 10

Structure: evolved from purple bacteria (endosymbiont) has circular DNA and a double membrane

Function:powerhouse of the cell site of cellular respiration and ATP regeneration

Question 11

What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?

Answer 11

Structure: evolved from bacteria (endosymbiont) double membrane has thylakoids stacks are called grannas and stroma is the fluid
Functions: thylakoids are site of photosyn. Stroma is the site of carbon fixation

Question 12

What is the structure and function of microbodies?

Answer 12

Structure: small spherical contain enzymes

Function: the enzymes are catalysts for specific functions example amyloplasts which convert starch to glucose or glycoxysomes which covert storage lipids into usable sugars

Question 13

What is plasmodesmata?

Answer 13

a narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them.