Plant evolution and Diversity

Question 1

Timeline of plants

Answer 1

Algae-> bryophytes-> Ferns->gingkoes-> confers->cycads->angiosperms

Question 2

Tree of plant evolution

Answer 2

ligen- wood in plants act like bones to support
land colonization-lead to metabolism
sporopollenin- fungi

Question 3

Total #of plant species?

Answer 3

400,000

Question 4

how many angiosperms ?

Answer 4

350,000

Question 5

how many conifers?

Answer 5

1,000

Question 6

How many ferns and horsetails?

Answer 6

15,000

Question 7

How many mosses?

Answer 7

23,000

Question 8

How many hotspots are there in the world?

Answer 8

34 hot spots, an area where their is a lot of biodiversity, may contain endemic species

Question 9

California and hotspots

Answer 9

California is considered a hotspot , there are 3,500 plant species and 60% are endemic

Question 10

One endemic species from California?:

Answer 10

Coastal redwood tallest tree

Question 11

title and name of plants

Answer 11

Common name, scientific name, (scientist name), (plant name)

Question 12

Adaptations for life on land

Answer 12

-water transportation (vascular system)
-true roots/root tissue
- a cuticle to prevent drying
-stomata for gas exchange
-Apical meristem (directed growth)
-Alternation of generations
-specialized organs for disposal (spores)

Question 13

Different generations in plants

Answer 13

there are two alternation multi cellular phases in plants

Question 14

Gametophte

Answer 14

is a haploid (n) stage, has one set of chromosomes

Question 15

Sporophyte

Answer 15

the diploid (2n) stage. produces asexual spores develops from zygote and has double chromosomes

Question 16

Mosses

Answer 16

15,000 species
- simple plants
- no vascular system
-no true roots
- life cycle dominated by gametophyte

Question 17

Ferns

Answer 17

12,000 species
-can grow tall
- have vascular tissue
- have real roots and leaves
- life dominared by sporophtyte

Question 18

seed plants (2 and differences)

Answer 18

gymnosperms - naked seed
angiosperms- covered seed

Question 19

Heterospory

Answer 19

Male spore- part of pollen ( microspores)
female spore- eggs (macrospores)

Question 20

Seed

Answer 20

consists of an embryo and its food supply surrounded by protective coat

Question 21

Morphology of a seed

Answer 21

gymno- unisexual cones
angio- flowers

Question 22

Conifers

Answer 22

cone bearing gymnosperms
serotinus - fire open up cones to release seeds trapped inside cones