Plant Mineral Nutrition Concepts

Question 1

Acquired mostly in the form of inorganic ions from the soil

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

Substances needed to survive or necessary for the synthesis of organic compounds

Answer 2

Nutrients

Question 3

Nutrients whose absence causes sever abnormalities in plant growth, development, or reproduction and may prevent a plant from completing its life cycle

Answer 3

Essential Nutrients

Question 4

Nutrients often required by a certain species but is not shown to be required by other taxa

Answer 4

Beneficial Nutrients

Question 5

Examples of beneficial nutrients

Answer 5

Al, Si, Se, Co

Question 6

General term for yellowing of leaves through the
loss of chlorophyll

Answer 6

Chlorosis

Question 7

General term for brown, dead tissue

Answer 7

Necrosis

Question 8

Nutrient Level Analysis categories

Answer 8

• Deficiency Zone
• Adequate Zone
• Toxic Zone

Question 9

Fertilizers that contain inorganic salts of macronutrients NPK

Answer 9

Chemical Fertilizers

Question 10

Chemical fertilizers that contain only one of the three macronutrients NPK

Answer 10

Straight Fertilizers

Question 11

Chemical fertilizers that contain 2 or more mineral nutrients

Answer 11

Compound or Mixed Fertilizers

Question 12

Fertilizers that originate from natural rock deposits such as sodium nitrate and rock phosphate (phosphorite) or from the residues of plant or animal life.

Answer 12

Organic Fertilizers

Question 13

Addition of fertilizers directly on the soil or growing substrate (main source of mineral nutrition)

Answer 13

Soil Application

Question 14

Addition of fertilizers that can reduce the lag time between application and uptake by the plant and can also circumvent the problem of restricted uptake of a nutrient from the soil

Answer 14

Foliar Application

Question 15

Incorporation of inorganic nutrients into organic substances such as pigments, enzyme cofactors, lipids, nucleic acids, and amino acids

Answer 15

Nutrient Assimilation

Question 16

Most abundant inorganic element in the plant body (following C, H, O)

Answer 16

Nitrogen

Question 17

Acquisition of nitrogen which involves breaking of stable triple bonds (N≡N) to produce usable ammonium (NH3) or nitrate (NO3-)

Answer 17

Nitrogen Fixation

Question 18

Method of directly synthesizing ammonia (NH3) from hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N2)

Answer 18

Haber-Bosch Process

Question 19

Conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by a variety of microorganisms during decomposition

Answer 19

Ammonification

Question 20

Soil bacteria that recycles ammonia to nitrate

Answer 20

Nitrifying Bacteria

Question 21

First process of Nitrate Assimilation

Answer 21

Conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the cytosol, a reduction reaction that involves the transfer of two
electrons. Catalyzed by nitrate reductase

Question 22

Second process of Nitrate Assimilation

Answer 22

Conversion of nitrite to ammonium in the chloroplasts. Catalyzed by nitrite reductase

Question 23

Rapid conversion of ammonium from nitrate assimilation or photorespiration into amino acids

Answer 23

Ammonium Assimilation

Question 24

Pathway that combines ammonium with glutamate to form glutamine, to glutamate

Answer 24

GS-GOGAT Pathway

Question 25

Pathway that synthesizes or deaminates glutamate

Answer 25

GDH Pathway

Question 26

Microbial symbiont for actinorhizal plants

Answer 26

Rhizobia

Question 27

Steps of Sulfur Assimilation

Answer 27

1. Uptake 2. Transport 3. Activation 4. Reduction (Sulfate to sulfide) 5. Incorporation (Form cysteine after combining with O-acetylserine) 6. Distribution

Question 28

Network of hyphae that surrounds cortical cells in ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 28

Hartig Net

Question 29

Fungi whose hyphae grow within the root itself and extending into the surrounding soil

Answer 29

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM)

Question 30

Branched structures of hyphae

Answer 30

Arbuscules