Plant nutrition/hormones/repro

Question 1

Remove chlorophyll in leaf by…

Answer 1

• Boil in ethanol

- Use water bath instead of BB as ethanol is flammable

Question 2

Feeding on plants by other animals …

Answer 2

• Damages leaves
• Reduces chloroplasts/chlorphyll
• Less sunlight absorbed
• Less photosynthesis

Question 3

Mineral ions =

Answer 3

• Small + soluble
• Magnesium - chlorophyll production (yellow leaves if absent)
• Nitrate- amino acids/growth (stunted if absent + yellow leaves)

Question 4

Photosynthesisi equation

Answer 4

• 6CO2+6H20 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 5

Stach tests

Answer 5

• Boil in ethanol in water bath
• Add iodine on white tile
• Use stopwatch
• Orange (absent + dark + destrached)
• Blue black (present + light +photosynthesize)

Question 6

Eukaryoyte

Answer 6

• Has a nucleus

Question 7

How does the leaf produce oxygen as a waste product?

Answer 7

• excess CO2 + O2 are excreted by stomata

- Oxygen the waste products - photosynthesis

Question 8

advantages to asexual reproduction

Answer 8

• only one parent needed
• uses less energy + faster than sexual
• in favorable conditions, high yield of offspring

Question 9

Adaptations of… in insect-pollinated plants

petals
nectar
pollen grains
anthers
stigma

Answer 9

large + bright = to attract insects

scented= to attract insects

sticky + moderate amounts

inside flower,stiff + attached = insects can brush past

inside a flower, sticky so pollen grains stick to it when insects brush past

Question 10

Adaptations of… in wind-pollinated plants

petals
nectar
pollen grains
anthers
stigma

Answer 10

Small + dull (green/brown)

• no scent + nectar
• smooth + light - easily carried by the wind in large amounts.
• outside flower, loose on long filaments + pollen can be easily released.
• outside flower - feathers to catch pollen grains in the wind

Question 11

seed and fruit formation p1

Answer 11

• pollen grains are male gametes
• ovule if female gametes
• pollen grain lands on stigma
• pollen tube grows out of pollen grain + down the style
• into the ovary –> ovule

Question 12

seed and fruit formation

…into the ovary —> ovule

Answer 12

• male nucleus travels down the pollen tube from pollen grain
• to fuse w female egg nucleus in ovule = zygote
• ovule = seed
• ovule wall = seed coat
• ovary = fruit of plant

Question 13

WOW 3 factors for germination to occur

Answer 13

water - to activate enzymes to break down starch food reserves in the seed

oxygen- needed for aerobic respiration to release energy for growth

warmth- optimum temp for enzymes, increase growth rate

Question 14

describe auxins

Answer 14

auxin - growth hormone, moves to dark side of shoot

• stimulates more cells to grow here

Question 15

negative geotropism

Answer 15

• grow away from gravity - if the shoot is horizontal
• shoot bends + grows away from ground
• extends leaves into sunlight —-> photosythesize

Question 16

positive phototropism

Answer 16

• grow towards light source

- shoot bends toward light = receives more light + photosynthesis gets faster

Question 17

positive geotropism

Answer 17

• auxin grow towards gravity
• root bends + grow downwards
• good as higher levels of water + nutrients in soil

Question 18

suggest two ways in which a typical plant cell difference from a typical animal cell

Answer 18

cell wall
water vacuole
chloroplasts
stores starch/sucrose instead of glycogen

Question 19

describe how the structure for leaf is adapted for gaining carbon dioxide

Answer 19

stomata
air spaces
moist
thin
large SA

Question 20

factors affecting photosynthesis

Answer 20

• temp —> more energy for enzymes to for ESC
• light inetsnity —> more light trapped + converted to chem energy
• CO2 conc –> needed to make glucose

Question 21

function of waxy cuticle and upper epedermis

Answer 21

• reduces evap + protective layer at the top

- thin + transparent to allow light into palisade meso

Question 22

function of palisade and spongy mesophyll

Answer 22

• lots of chloroplasts so photosy occurs fast

- many air spaces allow gases to diffuse in n out + increase SA

Question 23

function of lower epedermis and guard cells and stomata

Answer 23

• contains guard cells and stomata
• open n close stomata by abosrbing/losing water
• gas exchange + evap occur here// close in night vice versa

Question 24

advantages of sexual repro

Answer 24

• allows genetic variation in offspring
• can adapt to new enviornemnts = survival advantage
• disease unlikley to affect all of poluation